tcpyPI, 'pyPI' for short, is a set of scripts and notebooks that compute and validate tropical cyclone (TC) potential intensity (PI) calculations in Python. It is a fully documented and improved port of the Bister and Emanuel 2002 algorithm (hereafter BE02) which was originally written in FORTRAN---and then MATLAB---by Prof. Kerry Emanuel (MIT). Kerry's original MATLAB code (pcmin.m) is found at:
The goals in developing and maintaining pyPI are to:
- supply a freely available validated Python potential intensity calculator,
- carefully document the BE02 algorithm and its Python implementation, and to
- demonstrate and encourage the use of potential intensity theory in tropical cyclone climatology analysis.
If you have any questions, comments, or feedback, please contact the developer or open an Issue in the repository. A paper detailing pyPI is published at Geoscientific Model Development.
pyPI was developed by Daniel Gilford and has been archived on Zenodo:
If you use pyPI in your work, please include the citations:
Gilford, D. M.: pyPI (v1.3): Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2351–2369, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2351-2021, 2021.
and
Gilford, D. M. 2020: pyPI: Potential Intensity Calculations in Python, pyPI v1.3. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3985975
Please read pyPI_Users_Guide_v1.3.pdf for a full overview and details on pyPI. The description includes the pyPI background, a PI computation derivation, validation against the commonly-used MATLAB algorithm (pcmin), and a set of sample analyses.
pyPI requires Python version 3.7+ to run. It was originally written and tested with Python 3.7.6 and has been recently validated with Python 3.8.8 (as of 10 August 2022). To get pyPI up and running on your system, clone the repository and ensure that you have the required dependencies.
pyPI is packaged using the python package manager pip.
To install tcpypi from the command line:
pip install tcpypi- NumPy
- Numba
Not required by tcpyPI---but highly recommended!---is the versatility in calculating PI over large datasets provided by xarray. Dependancy versions were originally handled by Dependabot, but the code was not resilient to these changes so they are currently defunct (as of 10 August 2022). Please notify me immediately if installation problems persist.
pi.py is the Python function which directly computes PI given atmospheric and ocean state variables (akin to the BE02 algorithm MATLAB implementation pc_min.m). Given input vector columns of environmental atmospheric temperatures (T) and mixing ratios (R) on a pressure grid (P), sea surface temperatures (SST), and mean sea-level pressures (MSL), the algorithm outputs potential intensity, the outflow level, the outflow temperature, and the minimum central pressure, and a flag that shows the status of the completed PI calculation. pyPI is an improvement on pcmin in that it handles missing values depending on user input flags.
Users who want to apply the PI calculation to a set of local environmental conditions need only to download pi.py, organize their data appropriately, and call the function to return outputs, e.g.:
(VMAX,PMIN,IFL,TO,LNB)=pi(SST,MSL,P,T,R)
Included in the pyPI release is a sample script run_sample.py which runs global sample data from MERRA2 (in 2004) through pi.py, vectorizes the output, and performs several simple analyses. To run, simply:
python run_sample.py
and examine the outputs locally produced in full_sample_output.nc.
- pi.py - The primary function of pyPI, that computes and outputs PI (and associated variables) given atmospheric and ocean state variables.
- run_sample.py - Example script that computes PI and accompanying analyses over the entire sample dataset
- sample_data.nc - Sample atmospheric and ocean state variable data and BE02 MATLAB output data; values are monthly averages over the globe from MERRA2 in 2004.
- mdr.pk1 - Python pickled dictionary containing Main Development Region definitions from Gilford et al. (2017)
- raw_sample_output.nc - Sample outputs from pi.py only created by run_sample.py
- full_sample_output.nc - Full set of sample outputs from pi.py as well as sample analyses such as PI decomposition
- test_pi_calc.ipynb - Simple code showing a single call of pi.py and testing the speed of the algorithm
- verify_pi.ipynb - Notebook validating/verifying pyPI outputs against BE02 MATLAB output data
- sample_output_analyses.ipynb - Notebook showing examples of pyPI outputs and simple PI analyses
- utilities.py - Set of functions used in the pyPI codebase
- constants.py - Set of meteorological constants used in the pyPI codebase
- reference_calculations.m - Script used to generate sample BE02 MATLAB outout data from original MERRA2 files monthly mean; included for posterity and transperancy
- pc_min.m - Original BE02 algorithm from MATLAB, adapted and used to produce analyses of Gilford et al. (2017; 2019)
- clock_pypi.ipynb - Notebook estimating the time it takes to run pyPI on a laptop
- Daniel M. Gilford, PhD - Creation, Development, & Maintenance - GitHub
- Daniel Rothenberg, PhD - Numba Optimization & Sample Code - GitHub
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details
- Kerry Emanuel (MIT) - Development of potential intensity theory; encouragement and permission to pursue Python implementation
- Susan Solomon (MIT), Paul O'Gorman (MIT), Allison Wing (FSU) - Helpful conversations, advice, and suggestions on TC PI research
- Dan Chavas (Purdue), Jonathan Lin (MIT), Raphael Rousseau-Rizzi (MIT) - Feedback on pyPI code and documentation