Pollard's Rho Algorithm

[Fatema110]

Pollard's Rho Algorithm is a very interesting and quite accessible algorithm for factoring numbers. It is not the fastest algorithm by far but in practice it outperforms trial
division by many orders of magnitude. It is based on very simple ideas that can be used in other contexts as well.
It is an algorithm for integer factorization.The algorithm is very fast for numbers with small factors, but slower in cases where all factors are large.
The ρ algorithm's most remarkable success was the factorization of the Fermat number F8 = 1238926361552897 * 93461639715357977769163558199606896584051237541638188580280321
The algorithm is used to factorize a number n =ab, where a is a non-trivial factor. A polynomial modulo n, called f(x) (e.g., f(x)= (x*x+1) mod n) is used to generate a pseudorandom
sequence . A starting value say 2, is chosen , and the sequence continues as x1 = f(2), x2=f(f(2)), x3 = f(f(f(2))), etc. The sequence is related to another sequence {xk mod p}.
Since p is not known beforehand, this sequence cannot be explicitly computed in the algorithm. Yet, in it lies the core idea of the algorithm.
**How the algorithm work
x ← 2 #take any value of x and make y=x
y ← 2
d ← 1

while d = 1:
    x ← g(x)     #g(x)=(x*x+c)%n, n is the number whose factor we are evaluating
    y ← g(g(y))   # update x=g(y) ,repeat this process till the gcd not become the factor 
    d ← gcd(|x - y|, n)   # gcd of absolute difference of x & y and of num is taken

if d = n:       #if gcd is equal to n then there no factor exist other one and itself
    return failure
else:
    return d

INPUT
10403

OUTPUT
Enter a number to find factor
factor is 101    

[prakharshreyash]

@Fatema110 Can I take this issue in Python?

[Yashraghuvans]

i can take this issue in c++