Synphonyte/default-struct-builder

Generates builder methods of every field of a struct

Default Struct Builder

Generates builder methods of every field of a struct. It is meant to be used on structs that implement Default. There is no separate builder struct generated and no need to call a build() method at the end or .unwrap().

This crate is used by the crate leptos-use for the option structs that can be passed to the various functions.

Installation

In your project folder run

cargo add default-struct-builder

Usage

It is very easy to use:

use default_struct_builder::DefaultBuilder;

#[derive(DefaultBuilder, Default)]
pub struct SomeOptions {
    throttle: f64,

    #[builder(into)]
    offset: Option<f64>,

    #[builder(skip)]
    not_included: u32,
}

you can then use the struct like this:

let options = SomeOptions::default().offset(4.0);

assert_eq!(options.offset, Some(4.0));
assert_eq!(options.throttle, 0.0);
assert_eq!(options.not_included, 0);

Generics

The macro is ready to be used on generic structs.

use default_struct_builder::DefaultBuilder;

#[derive(DefaultBuilder, Default)]
pub struct SomeOptions<T>
where
    T: Default,
{
    some_field: T,
}

Doc comments

All doc comments on fields are directly passed on to their generated setter methods.

How it works

The derive macro generates the following code:

impl SomeOptions {
    // setter methods are given that consume `self` and return a new `Self` with the field value changed
    pub fn throttle(self, value: f64) -> Self {
        Self {
            throttle: value,
            ..self
        }
    }

    // because `into` was specified this method is generic and calls `.into()` when setting the value
    pub fn offset<T>(self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        T: Into<Option<f64>>,
    {
        Self {
            offset: value.into(),
            ..self
        }
    }

    // no method for field `not_included` because `skip` was specified
}

Generics

In the case of a generic field the generated method is a bit more complex because by calling the method the type of the type parameter can be different than before.

Let's look at the following example.

use default_struct_builder::DefaultBuilder;

#[derive(DefaultBuilder, Default)]
pub struct SomeOptions<T>
where
    T: Default,
{
    some_field: T,
    other_field: i16,
}

impl SomeOptions<f32> {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            some_field: 42.0,
            other_field: 0,
        }   
    }
}

This generates the setter method below.

impl<T> SomeOptions<T>
where
    T: Default,
{
    pub fn some_field<NewT>(self, value: NewT) -> SomeOptions<NewT>
    where
        NewT: Default,
    {
        SomeOptions::<NewT> {
            some_field: value,
            other_field: self.other_field,
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
   let options = SomeOptions::new()  // at first    SomeOptions<f32>
        .some_field("string");       // changed to  SomeOptions<&str>
}

In cases where you don't want a generic field to be able to change the generic type you can annotate it with keep_type.

#[derive(DefaultBuilder)]
struct SomeOptions<T> {
    #[builder(keep_type)]
    the_field: T,
}

this will generate a standard builder method as if T wasn't generic.

Box, Rc and Arc

The macro detects if a field is a Box (or Rc or Arc) and generates a builder method that accepts the inner type (without Box or Rc or Arc) and adds the outer type in the body.

In case it's a Box<dyn Trait> the builder method will have an argument of type impl Trait. The same goes for Rc and Arc.

If you want to prevent this auto un-wrapping you can use the #[builder(keep_outer)] attribute.

trait Test {}

#[derive(DefaultBuilder)]
struct SomeOptions {
    the_field: Box<dyn Test>,
    other_field: Rc<String>,

    #[builder(keep_outer)]
    keep: Box<String>,
}

This will generate the following code:

impl SomeOptions {
    pub fn the_field(self, value: impl Test + 'static) -> Self {
        Self {
            the_field: Box::new(value),
            ..self
        }   
    }

    pub fn other_field(self, value: String) -> Self {
        Self {
            other_field: Rc::new(value),
            ..self
        }
    }

    pub fn keep(self, value: Box<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            keep: value,
            ..self
        }   
    }
}

Related Work

For more general purposes please check out the much more powerful derive_builder crate.