Magisk Overlayfs

On Android 10+, system partitions might no longer be able to remount as read-write. For devices use dynnamic partition, it is nearly impossible to modify system partiton as there is no space left. This module solves these problem by using OverlayFS. So what is OverlayFS? On Wikipedia:

OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources. Common applications overlay a read/write partition over a read-only partition, such as with LiveCDs and IoT devices with limited flash memory write cycles.

Benefits of using overlayfs for system partitions:

Make most parts of system partition (/system, /vendor, /product, /system_ext, /odm, /odm_dlkm, /vendor_dlkm, ...) become read-write.
/data storage is used for upperdir of OverlayFS mount. However, on some kernel, f2fs is not supported by OverlayFS and cannot be used directly. The workaround is to create an ext4 loop image then mount it.
All modifications to overlayfs partition will not be made directly, but will be stored in upperdir, so it is easy to revert. Just need to remove/disable module so your system will return to untouched stage.
Support Magisk version 23.0+ and latest version of KernelSU

Due to tiann's KernelSU overlayfs hijack, if you are using KernelSU, please disable all other modules when you want to modify system partitions, and enable them afterward!

If you are interested in OverlayFS, you can read documentation at https://docs.kernel.org/filesystems/overlayfs.html

Build

There is two way:

Fork this repo and run github actions
Run bash build.sh (On Linux/WSL)

Change OverlayFS mode

OverlayFS is mounted as read-only by default
Configure overlayfs mode in /data/adb/modules(_update)/magisk_overlayfs/mode.sh to change mode of OverlayFS

Read-write mode of overlayfs will cause baseband on some devices stop working

# 0 - read-only but can still remount as read-write
# 1 - read-write default
# 2 - read-only locked (cannot remount as read-write)

export OVERLAY_MODE=2

OverlayFS upper loop device will be setup at /dev/block/overlayfs_loop
On Magisk, OverlayFS upper loop are mounted at $(magisk --path)/overlayfs_mnt. You can make modifications through this path to make changes to overlayfs mounted in system.

Modify system files with OverlayFS

If you are lazy to remount, please modify mode.sh and set it to OVERLAY_MODE=1 so overlayfs will be always read-write every boot.
You can quickly remount all overlayfs to read-write by this command in terminal:

su -mm -c magic_remount_rw

After that you can restore all system partitons back to read-only mode by this commamd in terminal:

su -mm -c magic_remount_ro

Overlayfs-based Magisk module

If you want to use overlayfs mount for your module, add these line to the end of customize.sh:

OVERLAY_IMAGE_EXTRA=0     # number of kb need to be added to overlay.img
OVERLAY_IMAGE_SHRINK=true # shrink overlay.img or not?
INCLUDE_MAGIC_MOUNT=false # enable legacy Magisk mount

# Only use OverlayFS if Magisk_OverlayFS is installed
if [ -f "/data/adb/modules/magisk_overlayfs/util_functions.sh" ] && \
    /data/adb/modules/magisk_overlayfs/overlayfs_system --test; then
  ui_print "- Add support for overlayfs"
  . /data/adb/modules/magisk_overlayfs/util_functions.sh
  support_overlayfs && rm -rf "$MODPATH"/system
fi

Bugreport

Please include /cache/overlayfs.log

Reset overlayfs

Remove /data/adb/overlay and reinstall module

Without Magisk

Simple configuration to test:

# - Create a writeable directory in ext4 (f2fs) /data
# which will be used for upperdir
# - On some Kernel, f2fs is not supported by OverlayFS
# and cannot be used directly
WRITEABLE=/data/overlayfs

mkdir -p "$WRITEABLE"

# - Export list of modules if you want to load mounts by overlayfs
# - If you have /vendor /product /system_ext as seperate partitons
# - Please move it out of "system" folder, overwise **BOOM**
export OVERLAYLIST=/data/adb/modules/module_a:/data/adb/modules/module_b

# - If there is Magisk, export this in post-fs-data.sh (before magic mount):
export MAGISKTMP="$(magisk --path)"

# - Load overlayfs
./overlayfs_system "$WRITEABLE"

Source code

http://github.com/HuskyDG/Magisk_OverlayFS

Zylern/magisk_overlayfs