Copyright 2015, Red Rocket Computing, LLC, stephen@redrocketcomputing.com
This an implementation Knuth's "buddy" system for dynamic memory allocation (Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1, Fundamental Algorithms, Section 2.5C).
The allocator manages free block using intrusive linked list structures with one list head for every available block size. Block splits and buddy states are tracked using binary bit trees.
The library support both internal and external storage of the allocator metadata and provides both a standard unsized "free" API as well as an accelerated "release" API for use when the size of the block to be free is known.
To facilate the use of this library in statically linked open and closed source embedded systems, this library is licensed under the terms of the Mozilla Public License, V2.0.
This implementation of Knuth's Buddy Allocator closely follows the most excellent ideas posted by Niklas in his post Allocation Adventures 3: The Buddy Allocator
Niklas primer on memory allocation metadata management is fantastic and has also been included in the doc directory. I took the liberty of converting the blog post to markdown and attaching a copyright attributing the writeup him.
Niklas, if you have a problem with this, let me know and I will remove it markdown version from my project. Just reach out!
The allocator requires a compatible compiler supporting the following built-ins:
__builtin_clzl /* Count lead zeros long */
__builtin_ctzl /* Count trailing zeros long */
and is known to work with recent version of gcc and clang.
For the default release version (-O3)
CD=path/to/project
make
To build a debug (-O0 -pg -g) version of the library:
CD=path/to/project
make V=1 BUILD_TYPE=debug
The library can be found at
path/to/project/BUILD_TYPE/libbuddy-alloc.a
The build location can be adjusted with OUTPUT_ROOT which must be an absolute path:
make OUTPUT_ROOT=/some/directory
To cross compile use the CROSS_COMPILE variable:
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi-
Other build options can be adjusted in Makefile.common, Makefile.debug and Makefile.release.
To create an 1MB buddy allocator with internal metadata:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <buddy-alloc.h>
#define ALLOCATOR_SIZE 1048576
unsigned long int memory_region[ALLOCATOR_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long int)];
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
buddy_allocator_t *allocator;
void *ptr;
/* The return address is always equal to the provide memory region */
allocator = buddy_create(memory_region, ALLOCATOR_SIZE);
/* This will allocate a block 16K in size */
ptr = buddy_alloc(allocator, 13773);
if(!ptr) {
perror("allocation failed");
exit(1);
}
/* This will determine the size of the memory block, by searching the
free index at each level, somewhat slower */
buddy_free(allocator, ptr);
/* This will allocate a block 16K in size */
ptr = buddy_alloc(allocator, 13773);
if(!ptr) {
perror("allocation failed");
exit(1);
}
/* This frees the memory block, using the provided size, a little
faster as the block level can be derived from the size */
buddy_release(allocator, ptr, 13773);
return 0;
}