Usint \lstinline{#include <iostream>} display one more #

[littleantgithub]

As shown avove, I have a try \lstinline{#include ,}normal display. I think there might be a bug here.

[littleantgithub]

I have not used md, sorry, the text is not fully displayed.

[muzimuzhi]

Not reproducible. Please provide a minimal working example.

In principle, you need xsim's use-files package option to use arbitrary verbatim material in exercise and solution environments.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xsim}
\usepackage{listings}

\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}

\begin{document}
xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx

xx \lstinline{#include} xxx

xx \lstinline{\#include} xxx

\textsf{xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx}

\textsf{xxx \lstinline{#include} xxx}

\textsf{xxx \lstinline{\#include} xxx}

\begin{exercise}
  xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx

  xx \lstinline{#include} xxx

  xx \lstinline{\#include} xxx
\end{exercise}
\end{document}

I have not used md, sorry, the text is not fully displayed.

You can edit your first comment to use markdown inline code span (`code`) or fenced code blocks (which will look like the above full latex example I give), see related GitHub Docs.

[littleantgithub]

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xsim}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xeCJKfntef}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\begin{document}
\lstinline{#include<iostream> }
\begin{exercise}
  \lstinline{#include<iostream> }
\end{exercise}
\end{document}

I apologize for not providing all the required information.. I think the above code is the minimum trigger condition.
Just in case, the following is relatively complete.

...
  \usepackage[10pt,UTF8, heading=true]{ctex}
  \usepackage[dvipsnames, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor}  % 一般放得靠前
  \usepackage{geometry}
  \geometry{left=2cm, right=2.0cm,top=2.0cm, bottom=2cm}
  \usepackage{subfiles}
  \usepackage{caption}
  \usepackage{hyperref}
  \usepackage{graphicx}
  \usepackage[inkscapelatex=false]{svg}
  \usepackage{wrapfig}
  \usepackage{xsim}
  \usepackage{listings}
  \usepackage{tcolorbox}
  \usepackage{xeCJKfntef}
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \setmainfont{Source Code Pro}
  %\setCJKmainfont{WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono}
  %\usepackage[printsolution=true]{exercises}
...

...

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xeCJKfntef}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xsim}
\usepackage{listings}

\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}

\begin{document}
xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx

xx \lstinline{#include} xxx

xx \lstinline{\#include} xxx

xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx

xxx \lstinline{#include} xxx

xxx \lstinline{\#include} xxx

\begin{exercise}
  xxx \lstinline{abc} xxx

  xx \lstinline{#include} xxx

  xx \lstinline{\#include} xxx
\end{exercise}
\end{document}

[muzimuzhi]

It's a xeCJK issue (which is loaded by xeCJKfntef), see CTeX-org/ctex-kit#378.