ga-wdi-boston/ruby-array

Ruby Arrays

Instructions

Fork, clone, branch (training), bundle install

Objectives

By the end of this, developers should be able to:

• Create a Ruby Array using both the literal ([]) and new constructors.
• Assign an element at a specific index in a Ruby Array.
• Access elements by index in a Ruby Array.
• Add elements to and remove elements from the end of a Ruby Array.
• Add elements to and remove elements from the beginning of a Ruby Array.

Introduction

In Ruby, "Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object." From that, Ruby Arrays seem a lot like JavaScript Arrays.

But there are some important differences.

Creating a Ruby Array

As with JavaScript, Ruby Arrays can be created using literals (technically, a constructor method on class Array) and with a constructor.

Demo

> developers = []
=> []
> developers = Array.new
=> []

With the literal syntax, we can create an array with initial values.

> not_the_same_type = [[], 'one', 2.0, 3]
=> [[], "one", 2.0, 3]
> developers = ['Caleb', 'Joel', 'Julia', 'Adam']
=> ["Caleb", "Joel", "Julia", "Adam"]

If all of the entries are strings, Ruby provides a (Perl inspired) string quoting mechanism to create an Array.

> developers = %w{Caleb Joel Julia Adam}
=> ["Caleb", "Joel", "Julia", "Adam"]

Code Along

Let's use Array::new to create some initialized arrays in bin/code_along.rb. Creating Arrays has an important caveat when creating Ruby Arrays with default values.

• Create an empty array, lit_array, using the literal syntax

• Create an array, constr_array, using the constructor syntax, initialized with 5 elements

• Create an array, ten_false_array, initialized with 10 false elements

How does this compare with creating JavaScript Arrays?

Assigning and accessing elements in a Ruby Array

Demo

Let's explore:

• Array#[] (Element Reference)
• Array#[]= (Element Assignment)

> developers[0]
=> "Caleb"
developers[-1]
=> "Adam"
> developers[-4] == developers[0]
=> true
> developers[developers.length]
=> nil
> developers[-5]
=> nil
> developers[-3, 2]
=> ["Joel", "Julia"]
> developers[-5] = 'Kira'
IndexError: index -5 too small for array; minimum: -4
> developers[developers.length] = 'Kira'
=> "Kira"

Lab: Storing and Accessing Array Elements

Working in bin/lab.rb (storing the results of any access in tmp for display):

• Assign 20 to the end of the array using the array's length.
• Access the 3rd element from the end of the array.
• Access element 9 from the array.
• Assign [-12, -49] to the the 5th element from the end.
• Access all the elements starting at index 1.

Using a Ruby Array as a stack or queue

Code Along: Let's Explore

• Array#push (Append - also Array#<<)
• Array#pop (Remove from end)
• Array#unshift (Prepend)
• Array#shift (Remove from beginning)

> developers << "Kosta"
=> ["Caleb", "Joel", "Julia", "Adam", "Kira", "Kosta"]
> developers.push "Rick"
=> ["Caleb", "Joel", "Julia", "Adam", "Kira", "Kosta", "Rick"]
> developers << "Johnathan" << "Peter"
=> ["Caleb",
  "Joel",
  "Julia",
  "Adam",
  "Kira",
  "Kosta",
  "Rick",
  "Johnathan",
  "Peter"]
> developers.shift 4
=> ["Caleb", "Joel", "Julia", "Adam"]
> developers
=> ["Kira", "Kosta", "Rick", "Johnathan", "Peter"]

Lab: Push and Pop Story

Create bin/story.rb. In this file, tell a story (of your choice) involving multiple characters that enter and leave the story. These characters should be held in an array and should be added to and taken out of the story using the push, pop, shift and unshift methods. Practice using string concatenation while printing your story by only referring to your characters from their held array (i.e., no hardcoding of names that exist in the array). One these requirements are met, feel free to implement more creative string and array methods into your story.

For example:

characters = ["Lee", "Adrian", "Bo"]

puts "There once were three friends, #{characters[0]}, #{characters[1]}, and #{characters[2]}."

characters << "Taylor"

puts "#{characters[-2]} befriended #{characters[-1]}, #{characters[0]}\'s known enemy.
      #{characters[0]} could no longer be their friend."

characters.shift

puts "#{characters[0]}, #{characters[1]}, and #{characters[2]} needed to think of lunch plans."

Running ruby bin/story.rb should print your story for you in the terminal.

Bonus: Create Ruby Array Using a Block Initializer

In bin/lab.rb use a block initializer with Array.new to create a Ruby Array with ten elements where elements are equal to their index multiplied by 2. Store the result and display it on the console with p <array name>.

License

1. All content is licensed under a CC­BY­NC­SA 4.0 license.
2. All software code is licensed under GNU GPLv3. For commercial use or alternative licensing, please contact legal@ga.co.