[LeetCode] 341. Flatten Nested List Iterator
grandyang opened this issue · 1 comments
Given a nested list of integers, implement an iterator to flatten it.
Each element is either an integer, or a list -- whose elements may also be integers or other lists.
Example 1:
Given the list [[1,1],2,[1,1]]
,
By calling next repeatedly until hasNext returns false, the order of elements returned by next should be: [1,1,2,1,1]
.
Example 2:
Given the list [1,[4,[6]]]
,
By calling next repeatedly until hasNext returns false, the order of elements returned by next should be: [1,4,6]
.
这道题让我们建立压平嵌套链表的迭代器,关于嵌套链表的数据结构最早出现在Nested List Weight Sum中,而那道题是用的递归的方法来解的,而迭代器一般都是用迭代的方法来解的,而递归一般都需用栈来辅助遍历,由于栈的后进先出的特性,我们在对向量遍历的时候,从后往前把对象压入栈中,那么第一个对象最后压入栈就会第一个取出来处理,我们的hasNext()函数需要遍历栈,并进行处理,如果栈顶元素是整数,直接返回true,如果不是,那么移除栈顶元素,并开始遍历这个取出的list,还是从后往前压入栈,循环停止条件是栈为空,返回false,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class NestedIterator {
public:
NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) {
for (int i = nestedList.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
s.push(nestedList[i]);
}
}
int next() {
NestedInteger t = s.top(); s.pop();
return t.getInteger();
}
bool hasNext() {
while (!s.empty()) {
NestedInteger t = s.top();
if (t.isInteger()) return true;
s.pop();
for (int i = t.getList().size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
s.push(t.getList()[i]);
}
}
return false;
}
private:
stack<NestedInteger> s;
};
我们也可以使用deque来代替stack,实现思路和上面完全一样,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class NestedIterator {
public:
NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) {
for (auto a : nestedList) {
d.push_back(a);
}
}
int next() {
NestedInteger t = d.front(); d.pop_front();
return t.getInteger();
}
bool hasNext() {
while (!d.empty()) {
NestedInteger t = d.front();
if (t.isInteger()) return true;
d.pop_front();
for (int i = 0; i < t.getList().size(); ++i) {
d.insert(d.begin() + i, t.getList()[i]);
}
}
return false;
}
private:
deque<NestedInteger> d;
};
虽说迭代器是要用迭代的方法,但是我们可以强行使用递归来解,怎么个强行法呢,就是我们使用一个队列queue,在构造函数的时候就利用迭代的方法把这个嵌套链表全部压平展开,然后在调用hasNext()和next()就很简单了:
解法三:
class NestedIterator {
public:
NestedIterator(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) {
make_queue(nestedList);
}
int next() {
int t = q.front(); q.pop();
return t;
}
bool hasNext() {
return !q.empty();
}
private:
queue<int> q;
void make_queue(vector<NestedInteger> &nestedList) {
for (auto a : nestedList) {
if (a.isInteger()) q.push(a.getInteger());
else make_queue(a.getList());
}
}
};
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/discuss/95841/simple-solution-with-queue
https://leetcode.com/discuss/95892/concise-c-without-storing-all-values-at-initialization
我个人觉得interview这么做就有点不妥了, 因为一个iterator需要和vector量级的内存,太多了。
其实我们只需要每层存一个状态就可以了。 那么需要内存就正比于最大的层数。stack 里面存每层vector的index 和 reference to NestedInteger 的vector
class NestedIterator {
public:
NestedIterator(vector &nestedList) {
if(!nestedList.empty())
st.emplace(0, nestedList);
}
int next() {
auto& p = st.top();
auto& list = p.second;
int idx = p.first;
if(idx+1 < list.size()){
++p.first;
}else{
st.pop();
}
return list[idx].getInteger();
}
bool hasNext() {
while(!st.empty()){
auto& p = st.top();
auto& list = p.second;
int idx = p.first;
if(list[idx].isInteger()) break;
if(idx+1 < list.size()){
++p.first;
}else{
st.pop();
}
auto& subList = list[idx].getList();
if(!subList.empty())
st.emplace(0, subList);
}
return !st.empty();
}
stack&>> st;
};