/vhd-boot-dispatch

Windows Native VHD Boot and Dispatch

Primary LanguageBatchfileGNU General Public License v3.0GPL-3.0

vhd-boot-dispatch

Windows Native VHD Boot and Dispatch

說明

使用 GNU/Linux 環境同時派送 Windows VHD 至多台個人電腦，以 Native VHD Boot 方式開機。

  • Server 端以 WOL (Wake-on-LAN) 方式啟動多台個人電腦
  • dhcpd 派送網路設定與 next-server 資訊
  • in.tfptd 派送 pxelinux.0、pxelinux.cfg/default 與 Tiny Core Linux 作業系統
  • 修改 Tiny Core Linux 套件，增加 ntfs-3g、ntfsprogs、openssh、rsync、udpcast 與 uftp 等程式
  • 修改 Tiny Core Linux 帳號密碼，如 /etc/passwd、/etc/shadow，並啟動 sshd server
  • 於 server 端使用 PSSH 控制遠端的個人電腦
    • 掛載 NTFS 分割區
    • 以 UDP Multicast 或 BitTorrent 方式接收 VHD 檔案、grub4dos、BOOTMGR
    • 安裝 grub4dos 至 MBR 或使用既有的開機程式
    • 重新開機
  • 於 Windows 中安裝 MSYS2，以 cygrunsrv 方式啟動 sshd server
  • Windows 開機後自動依 IP 設定電腦名稱

UEFI 開機支援 (使用 CorePure64)

 +-----------+    +------+    +---------------+    +----------+    +---------------+    +----------------+    +---------------+
 | dhcp      |    | tftp |    |  bootx64.efi  |    | grub.cfg |    | vmlinuz64     |    | tce64.gz       |    | deploy.sh     | 
 | (RFC4578) |    |      |    | (grubx64.efi) |    |          |    | corepure64.gz |    | (bootlocal.sh) |    | (next-server) |
 +-----------+    +------+    +---------------+    +----------+    +---------------+    +----------------+    +---------------+

開機流程圖

Transfer time

  • 40 GiB
設備 速度 估計傳輸時間
Fast Ethernet 100 mbps 1:00:04
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 mbps 0:06:00
USB 2.0 480 mbps 0:12:30
USB 3.0 3.2 gbps 0:01:50
SATA-I 1.5 gbps 0:03:54
SATA-II 3 gbps 0:01:57

Disk layouts

檔案名稱 用途 類型 狀態 大小
pcroom_base.vhdx 母碟 基礎磁碟 靜態 約 30 GB
pcroom.vhdx 子碟 差異化磁碟 動態 隨差異增加
pcroom_r.vhdx 還原檔 差異化磁碟 靜態 約 173 KB

開機選項

base.vhdx => pcroom_base.vhdx => pcroom.vhdx (pcroom_r.vhdx)
          => office_base.vhdx => office.vhdx (office_r.vhdx)
名稱 標題 BCD VHD
pcroom_r 電腦教室還原 BCD.pcroom_vhdx pcroom_r.vhdx > pcroom.vhdx
pcroom 電腦教室 BCD.pcroom_vhdx pcroom.vhdx
office_r 辦公室還原 BCD.office_vhdx office_r.vhdx > office.vhdx
office 辦公室 BCD.office_vhdx office.vhdx

VHD 建立順序

base.vhdx(0) => test.vhdx(1)   == pcroom_base.vhdx(1) => pcroom.vhdx(2)
                test_r.vhdx(1)                           pcroom_r.vhdx(2)
                               == office_base.vhdx(1) => office.vhdx(2)
                                                         office_r.vhdx(2)

如何準備 VHD 檔案

  • Windows 11 bypass
HKLM -> SYSTEM -> Setup -> LabConfig ->
    BypassTPMCheck        (DWORD => 1)
    BypassRAMCheck        (DWORD => 1)
    BypassSecureBootCheck (DWORD => 1)

> sdelete64 -c -z C:

diskpart
> create vdisk file="f:\pcroom_base.vhdx" parent="f:\base.vhdx"

diskpart
> select vdisk file="f:\pcroom_base.vhdx"
> merge vdisk depth=1
> compact vdisk
> create vdisk file="f:\pcroom.vhdx" parent="f:\pcroom_base.vhdx"

UTC in Windows

> reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" /v RealTimeIsUniversal /d 1 /t REG_DWORD /f

開機流程

  • grub2 (無 grub2 可略過)
menuentry 'GRUB4DOS (NTFS)' --class windows {
    savedefault
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    insmod ntldr
    search --set=root --no-floppy --file /sig_ntfs    # 特徵檔案，識別磁碟區位置
    ntldr /grldr                                      # 控制權交給 grub4dos
}
  • grub4dos
timeout 5
default 0

title Windows 10 (Native VHD Boot)

find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /sig_ntfs
dd if=()/Boot/BCD.pcroom_vhdx of=()/Boot/BCD               # 設定 pcroom.vhdx 為開機裝置 (可切換不同用途的 VHD 檔案)

find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /sig_ntfs    # 還原 pcroom_r.vhdx 至 pcroom.vhdx
dd if=()/pcroom_r.vhdx of=()/pcroom.vhdx

find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /sig_ntfs
chainloader /bootmgr                                       # 控制權交給 bootmgr (Boot\BCD)

Boot

  • 1st stage files
    • grldr (開機程式)
    • menu.lst (開機選單)
    • unifont.hex.gz (中文字形)
    • sig_* (選用，特徵檔案，識別磁碟區位置)
  • 2nd stage files
    • bootmgr
    • BOOTNXT
    • Boot
    • Boot\BCD (紀錄作業系統開機的裝置)
    • Boot\BCD.*
  • disk files
    • base.vhdx (基礎檔)
    • pcroom.vhdx (差異檔)
    • pcroom_r.vhdx (差異檔，還原用)

VHD

$ modprobe loop
$ losetup /dev/loop0 disk.vhd
$ partprobe /dev/loop0
$ mount /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/images

$ losetup -d /dev/loop0

$ VBoxManage clonehd dynamicd_disk.vhd fixed_disk.vhd --format vhd --variant dynamic

PSSH

$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "[指令]"
$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -H user@host_or_ip -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "[指令]"

$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "sudo ntfs-3g /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2"
$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "tar xvfz /mnt/sda2/vhd.tgz -C /mnt/sda2"
$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "sudo reboot"

$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "shutdown -s -t 30"
$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -p [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "shutdown -r -t 30"

$ rm /root/.ssh/known_hosts; sshpass -f [密碼] pssh -i -A -h [主機清單] -t 0 -O "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -- "/opt/bin/udp-receiver --receive-timeout 10 --n okbd -f /mnt/sda2/pcroom.vhdx \&"

$ /opt/bin/udp-sender -f /mnt/sda2/pcroom.vhdx

grub4dos

$ /usr/local/share/grub4dos/bootlace.com /dev/sda
$ cp /usr/local/share/grub4dos/{chinese/}grldr /mnt/sda2

中文字型顯示須符合 unifont.hex 格式，自行下載 GNU Unifont，可內嵌或外部載入。直接下載字型。

color blue/green yellow/red white/magenta white/magenta
## menu border color
color border=0xEEFFEE
## set vbe mode
graphicsmode -1 640:800 480:600 24:32 || graphicsmode -1 -1 -1 24:32
font /unifont.hex.gz

Disk layout for Windows 11

## fdisk
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
  g (GPT) --> n (new partition) --> /dev/sda1 (EFI partition)
          --> n (new partition) --> /dev/sda2 (Microsoft Basic Data / NTFS)

## foramt disk
$ sudo partprobe /dev/sda
$ sudo mkfs.vfat -v /dev/sda1
$ sudo mkfs.ntfs -Q /dev/sda2

## mount
$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1
$ sudo ntfs-3g /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2

## copy bootup files
$ cd /mnt/sda1 ; sudo scp -r [REMOTE]:/mnt/efi/EFI .
$ cd /mnt/sda2 ; sudo scp -r [REMOTE]:/mnt/ntfs/Boot .
$ /mnt/sda2/{bootmgr, BOOTNXT, grldr, menu.lst, winpe_amd64.iso, unifont.hex.gz, DO_NOT_SAVE_FILES_IN_THIS_DRIVE}

設定隱藏檔案

## FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
$ setfattr -h -v 0x00000022 -n system.ntfs_attrib_be *.vhdx

import / export Veyon Network object directory

$ veyon-cli networkobjects export c:\1.csv location PCROOM-1 format "%name%,%host%,%mac"
$ veyon-cli networkobjects export c:\2.csv location PCROOM-2 format "%name%,%host%,%mac"

$ veyon-cli networkobjects import c:\1.csv location PCROOM-1 format "%name%,%host%,%mac"
$ veyon-cli networkobjects import c:\2.csv location PCROOM-2 format "%name%,%host%,%mac"

Multiple file transfer (udpcast)

## sender
$ tar -cf - /path/to/sourcefolder | udp-sender

## receiver
$ udp-receiver --nokbd | tar -C /path/to/destfolder -xf -

網路分享

## RpcOverNamedPipesAndTcp.cmd
$ reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Printers\RPC" /v RpcProtocols /t REG_DWORD /d 0x7 /f

## RpcOverNamedPipes.cmd
$ reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Printers\RPC" /v RpcUseNamedPipeProtocol /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

External Reference

UEFI

  • PC: Illustrated Guide to GRUB and Linux Boot Process on BIOS and UEFI
  • The rEFInd Boot Manager
  • MBR2GPT.EXE
  • GPT + UEFI 
     GPT
+-----------------------+
| EFI partition / FAT32 | boot manager: bootmgfw.efi, grubx64.efi 
+-----------------------+
| Ext4 partition        | kernel, rootfs: Fedora Linux (/boot, /, /home)
+-----------------------+
| NTFS partition        | kernel: Windows 10 (winload.efi)
+-----------------------+
| NTFS partition        | VHD, VHDX files (winload.efi)
+-----------------------+
  • GPT + UEFI (VHDX) 
     GPT
+----------------+
| EFI partition  | /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
| FAT32          |                   ./BCD.pcroom_vhdx_efi  (pcroom.vhdx)
|                |                   ./BCD.win10_vhd.efi    (win10.vhd)
|                |                   ./BCD                  (目前)
+----------------+
| NTFS partition | /pcroom.vhdx
|                | /win10.vhd
+----------------+
  • MBR + BIOS (VHDX) 
     MBR
+----------------+
| NTFS partition | /bootmgr
|                | /Boot/BCD.pcroom_vhdx
|                | /pcroom.vhdx
+----------------+
  • GPT + UEFI/BIOS coexist 
     GPT
+---------------------+
| EFI partition       | bootmgfw.efi
| FAT32               | grubx64.efi
+---------------------+
| BIOS boot partition | core.img (Grub2)
+---------------------+
| Ext4                | /boot/grub2, /boot, vmlinuz, initramfs
+---------------------+
| Ext4 / LVM          | /, /home
+---------------------+
| NTFS partition      | bootmgr, grldr, pcroom.vhdx
+---------------------+
  • EFI partition (/boot/efi) 
    .
├── EFI
│   ├── BOOT
│   │   ├── BOOTX64.EFI
│   │   ├── fallback.efi
│   │   └── fbx64.efi
│   ├── fedora
│   │   ├── BOOT.CSV
│   │   ├── BOOTX64.CSV
│   │   ├── grub.cfg
│   │   ├── grubx64.efi
│   │   ├── shim.efi
│   │   ├── shimx64.efi
│   │   ├── shimx64-fedora.efi
│   │   └── x86_64-efi/
│   ├── Insyde
│   └── Microsoft
│       ├── Boot
│       │   ├── BCD
│       │   ├── BCD.pcroom_vhdx_efi
│       │   ├── BCD.win10_vhd_efi
│       │   ├── bootmgfw.efi
│       │   └── bootmgr.efi
│       ├── Boot_pcroom_vhdx
│       │   ├── BCD
│       │   ├── bootmgfw.efi
│       │   └── bootmgr.efi
│       ├── Boot_win10_vhd
│       │   ├── BCD
│       │   ├── bootmgfw.efi
│       │   └── bootmgr.efi
│       └── Recovery
│           └── BCD
└── sig_swift

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HSIEH, Li-Yi @進學國小資訊組