Magento configuration files

[coderimus]

Please, describe Magento 2 configuration files. It will be good to highlight next sections:

1. Magento’s deployment configuration
2. Module configuration files
3. Create or extend configuration types

Link to the official resource: Magento configuration files

[simpleadm]

https://github.com/magento-notes/magento2-exam-notes/blob/master/1.%20Magento%20Architecture%20and%20Customization%20Techniques/3.%20Utilize%20configuration%20XML%20and%20variables%20scope.md