this is my journey to learn and understand python
run this and you all set to go
docker compose run python-app
├── 📂 lectures
├── 📂 001
├── 📄 basic.py
├── 📂 projects
├── 📂 001
├── 📄 rock_paper_scissors_game.py
├── 📂 002
├── 📄 Card.py
- lectures/001/basic.py
name = "MAK"# this is how you define a variable in python - name and valueprint(name)# this is how you print a variabletype(name)# this is how you know the type of a variableisinstance(age, int)# this is also you can check the type of a variable - it will return true or false- their are various data types in
pythonname = "MAK"# string- string have few built in method
len()# find the length of the string.isalpha()# check if all characters are alphabets return true or false.isalnum()# check if all characters are digits or not empty return true or false.isdecimal()# check if all characters are decimal return true or false.upper()# convert text into uppercase.isupper()# check if all characters are in uppercase return true or false.lower()# convert text into lowercase.islower()# check if all characters are in lowercase return true or false.title()# convert first character of each word capital.startsswith()# check if string start with a sub string return true or false.endswith()# check if string end with a sub string return true or false.replace()# replace the characters.split()# split a string on a specific character.strip()# to remove whitespace from a string.join()# to append a new letter into a string.find()# find the index of a substring
- string have few built in method
age = 23# integer- number have few built in method which will work all type of number (integer, decimal)
abs()# this will return absolute number (remove negative sign)round()# convert .0-.4 to current number and .5-.9 to next number
- number have few built in method which will work all type of number (integer, decimal)
height = 5.9# floatis_student = True# booleanhobbies = ["reading", "coding", "gaming", "sleeping"]# list - in other languages are array- list have few built in method
in-print("coding" in hobbies)# this will return true or false and usually use in conditions[]-hobbies[0]# this will return reading - this is how you can access value of a list by index[]-hobbies[1:3]# this will return ["coding", "gaming"] - this will return data in range it will start with the first number index and end will one before last value index - and if first value is not definehobbies[:3]this will return data from 0 index to 2 index - and same way if last value is not providedhobbies[1:]this will return everything after the first index and first index is included[]-hobbies[1:1] = ['something_new', 'learning]# this will add the value of the new list before the selected index - for this your both value of the range should be same - and in will add before the current index so if we add 2 then previous value index will be 3 and on 1 and 2 our newly added value will be addedinsert(index, value)# first value is the index where you want to add and second is the value which you want to add - so if you want to add fun in 1 index you will write something like thishobbies.insert(1, "fun").append("some_value")# this will add a new value in the list.extend(["some_other_value_1", "some_other_value_2"])# this will add new list inside the existing one+= ["some_other_value_1", "some_other_value_2"]# this will do the same thing as extend - add a new list inside the existing list.remove("sleeping")# this will remove sleeping from the list - this way you can remove by value from a list - this course remove it from my life :-(.pop()# this will remove last value from the list.sort()# this will sort the list - only if data type is same of all the member of the list - it will do in ascending order - it will modified the existing list- first in uppercase then in lower case
len()# find the length of the listsorted(list, way_to_sort)# this will take first argument as list and second argument as how you want to sort the list - it will not modified the existing list
- list have few built in method
address = { "city": "Karachi", "country": "Pakistan" }# dictionary - in other language are object- dictionary have few built in method
[key_name]# you can write dictionary name with large bracket and inside large bracket you can provide any key name to get the value of that key -address['city']this will return we the name (value) of the key city which is karachi.get(key_name)# you can also get the value of an key by using this- only benefit is with .get you can get a default value so if value doesn't get it will return a default value
address.get("region", "not provided")# it will return not provided if region is not their
- only benefit is with .get you can get a default value so if value doesn't get it will return a default value
.pop(key_name)# you can delete any key from and dictionary by using this.popitem()# it will delete last inserted item from the dictionaryin-print("city" in address)# this will return true or false if key is present inside the dictionary and usually use in conditions.keys()# it will return all the keys inside a list which is inside a dict_keys- use
list(address.keys())to get only keys
- use
.values()# it will return all the values inside a list which is inside a dict_values- use
list(address.values())to get only values
- use
del dictionary[key_name]# this will delete the keydel dictionary.key_name# this will also delete the key.copy()# this will copy the entire dictionarylen()# find the length of the address
- dictionary have few built in method
complex(2, 3)# for complex numbersprint(num2.real, num2.imag)# this is how you can print the real and imaginary part of a complex number
programming_languages = ("javascript", "php", "python", "c++")# tuples are same as list - first different we use round bracket in tuples while large bracket in list - second and most import value can't be change- most of the functionality is same as list
in-print("python" in programming_languages)# this will return true or false and usually use in conditions[]-programming_languages[0]# this will return javascript - this is how you can access value of a tuples by index.index("c++")# this will return the index of the value - this is something we can't find in listlen()# find the length of the tuples[]-programming_languages[1:3]# this will return ["coding", "gaming"] - this will return data in range it will start with the first number index and end will one before last value index - and if first value is not defineprogramming_languages[:3]this will return data from 0 index to 2 index - and same way if last value is not providedprogramming_languages[1:]this will return everything after the first index and first index is included- as we know you can't add anything new inside a tuples but you can combine two two make one new one
new_tuples = old_tuples1 + old_tuples2
- most of the functionality is same as list
range# for rangesfriends = {"Andomi", "Maria"}# sets are like list - first different they use curly bracket not large - second there will be no duplicated in the set- one benefit sets have that they can behave like math sets so you can get
&# this will return same in both set - no duplicate- `set1 = {'Moiz', 'Maria'}; set2 = {'Moiz', 'Andomi'}; common = set1 & set2; print(common) # common will only have common things in both sets - no duplicate - which is {'Moiz'}
|# this will return all the value - no duplicate- `set1 = {'Moiz', 'Maria'}; set2 = {'Moiz', 'Andomi'}; all = set1 | set2; print(all) # all will have all things in both sets - no duplicate - which is {'Moiz', 'Andomi', 'Maria'}
-# this will return all the different in both sets - no duplicate- `set1 = {'Moiz', 'Maria'}; set2 = {'Moiz', 'Andomi'}; sub = set1 - set2; print(sub) # sub will have only the different things from first sets - no duplicate - which is {'Maria'}
<# check if first set is sub set of second - return true or false- `set1 = {'Moiz', 'Maria'}; set2 = {'Moiz', 'Andomi'}; res = set1 < set2; print(res) # return true if second set all value will be present in first set otherwise return false
># check if second set is sub set of second - return true or false- `set1 = {'Moiz', 'Maria'}; set2 = {'Moiz', 'Andomi'}; res = set1 > set2; print(res) # return true if first set all value will be present in second set otherwise return false
- sets have few built in method
len()# find the length of the sets
- one benefit sets have that they can behave like math sets so you can get
- their are 2 types of variables global variables and local variables
- global (out of function)
- local (inside a function)
- in simple if something inside a function can't be use outside but outside things can be use inside the functions
- this is how you can convert data type
int("20")# convert string to integerfloat(19)# convert integer to floatlist(dictionary)# convert dictionary into list - work with dictionarylist(set)# convert set into list - work with set
- this is how you can concatenation
print(name + " is " + str(age) + " years old.")# this is how you concatenate a string and a variableprint(f"{name} is {age} years old.")# this is how you can also concatenate a string and a variable
class State(Enum):# this is how you create an enum in python- this is how you can access enum values
print(State.INACTIVE.value)# this is how you can access the enum valuesprint(State['ACTIVE'].value)# 1 - this is also how you can access the enum values
- enum have few built in method
list()# this is how you can get the list of all the enum valuelen()# find the length of the enum
- this is how you can access enum values
- you can use conditions useing if, elif and else
if answer == 1:# this is how you can use if - we write the if keyword and then the conditionelif answer == 2:# this is how you can use else if in python - we write the elif keyword and then the conditionelse:# this is how you can use else in python - it will run if none of the above conditions are true
input("Enter your age: ")# this is how you can take input from the user - inside the input can be a string or emptydef greet(name):# this is how you can define a function- we can pass function argument inside a function - inside the round bracket after function name and you have to use def before function to tell that it's a function
- a function can be void (not returning anything) or return any data type
- argument were use for dynamic content inside the function
- if you update an dictionary (which is an argument inside a function) when the value will be change globally
- to run a function you have to call it by typing function name with round bracket in the end - and if function have any parameters (function arguments call parameters) then pass then inside the round brackets - parameter can be any data types or any variable
greet(name)
- function arguments can have default values so if function don't get any parameter we will use default value otherwise use provided value - after adding parameter you have to add is = and provide default value - default value is optional
def greet(name = "user"):
- sometime there will be nester function - meaning function are inside a function and we call it nested functions
nonlocal time# this is how you can access a variable from the outer function - nonlocal variable - in general you can't use a variable from the outer function inside a inner function- closures - a closure is a function that remembers the values in enclosing scopes even if they are not present in memory (explain in code with example and code - lectures/001/basic.py:78 - lectures/001/basic.py:101)
object# everything is a object in python just like in js- object have few built in method (meaning you can use this with everything)
.bit_length()# return the minimum bit required for the object to keep the value
- object have few built in method (meaning you can use this with everything)
loops# we have 2 kind of loops in python- we have few things in both loops common
continue# this will break the current iteration and move to nextbreak# it will break the loop entirely
while condition# while loop will run until condition keep getting truewhile condition == True:# while loop - you can use a while loop when you don't know the number of iterations
for data in data_list# for loop will run with the length of the listfor hobby in hobbies:# this is how you can use a for loop in python - you can use a for loop when you know the number of iterations- if you want to iterate x amount and if you know the time you can use
range(x)to get the job donefor item in range(15)# it will give a range from 0 to 15 - (0, 15)
enumerate(list)# to get index with the value
- we have few things in both loops common
class# a class is a blueprint for creating objectsclass Animal:# this is how you can define a class - class name should be in CamelCase - just a standard- function inside a class is called a method
- variables inside a class are called attributes
def __init__(self, name, age, color):# this is how you can define a constructor - a constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created - name, age and color are the attributes of the class - self is mandatory other things are optionaldef bark(self):# this is how you can define a method - self is a reference to the current instance of the classclass Dog (Animal):# this is how you can inherit a class - Dog is inheriting from Animal- in inherit class will get everything from parent class
operation overloading# you can define the behavior of the operatorsdef __gt__(self, other): return self.age > other.ageprint(obj1 > obj2)# in this situation we will compare both ages or whatever we describe in the operation overloading
- there are few more operation we can use
__add__# for +__sub__# for -__mul__# for *__truediv__# for /__floordiv__# for //__mod__# for %__pow__# for **__rshift__# for >>__lshift__# for <<__and__# for &__or__# for |__xor__# for ^
- class have few built in method
type(class_instance/object)# to check the class Name of the instanceisinstance(class_instance/object, class)# first argument will be the object and second will be class and this will return if the object is a class or not (boolean)issubclass(sub_class, class)# first argument will be the sub_class and second will be class and this will return if the sub_class inherit from the class or not (boolean)
accepting command line argumentsname = argv[1]# this is how you can get the command line arguments - argv is a list of command line arguments - part of sys module - argv[0] is the name of the file - argv[1] is the first argument and so on
lambda num : num * 2# # this is how you can define a lambda function - lambda functions are anonymous functions - they are used when you need a function for a short period of timemap# return a new list - with updated valuesfilter# return a new list - return only the value where condition comes truereduce# use for calculation stuffrecursion# recursion is calling function inside the function@function_name# decorators - you can add a decorator by adding @ and then function name before the function and when you call it the decorator function will run first""" some stuff """# add anything inside this and it will become Docstring (description)help(function_name)# using help function you can help all the docstring related to the function
- annotations
some_other_name: string = "MAK"# this is how you can define a variable with annotationsdef some_function1(name: str, age: int) -> str:# this is how you can define a function with annotations - annotations are used to specify the type of the arguments and the return type of the function - inside function argument you can add column and then add data type you want and after round bracket ends you can add arrow -> and define return data type
- exceptions
- this is how you can handle exceptions - try block is used to catch exceptions - except block is used to handle exceptions - finally block is used to run the code no matter what
# imports
# this is how you import a module
from enum import Enum
from sys import argv
# variables
# this is how you define a variable - name and value
name = "MAK" # string
age = 23 # integer
float_age = float(age) # convert integer to float
height = 5.9 # float
is_student = True # boolean
hobbies = ["reading", "coding", "gaming", "sleeping"] # list - can be of any type
address = { "city": "Karachi", "country": "Pakistan" } # dictionary
# prints
# this is how you print a variable
# this is how you know the type of a variable
print(type(name))
# this is also you can check the type of a variable - it will return true or false
print(isinstance(age, int)) # True
# this is how you concatenate a string and a variable
print(name + " is " + str(age) + " years old.")
# this is how you can also concatenate a string and a variable
print(f"{name.lower()} is {age} years old.")
# numbers
# this is how you can get the real and imaginary part of a complex number
num1 = 2+3j
# this is also how you can get the real and imaginary part of a complex number
num2 = complex(2, 3)
# this is how you can print the real and imaginary part of a complex number
print(num2.real, num2.imag) # 2.0, 3.0
# enums
# this is how you create an enum
class State(Enum):
INACTIVE = 0
ACTIVE = 1
# this is how you can access the enum values
print(State.INACTIVE.value) # 0
print(State['ACTIVE'].value) # 1 - this is also how you can access the enum values
print(list(State)) # this is how you can get the list of all the enum values
# input
age = input("Enter your age: ") # this is how you can take input from the user - inside the input can be a string or empty
print(f"Your age is {age}")
# id else elif
answer = 1
# this is how you can use if - we write the if keyword and then the condition
if answer == 1:
print("answer is 1")
# this is how you can use else if - we write the elif keyword and then the condition
elif answer == 2:
print("answer is 2")
# this is how you can use else - it will run if none of the above conditions are true
else:
print("answer is not 1 or 2")
# functions
# this is how you can define a function
def greet(name):
# this is how you can define a variable inside a function - local variable
time = 10
# this is how you can define a function inside a function - this is a nested function
def get_greeting_from_time():
# this is how you can access a variable from the outer function - nonlocal variable - in general you can't use a variable from the outer function inside a inner function
nonlocal time
return "Good Morning" if 0 <= time else "Good Evening"
print(f"{get_greeting_from_time()}, Hello {name}")
# this is how you can call a function
greet(name)
# closures
# this is how you can create a closure - a closure is a function that remembers the values in enclosing scopes even if they are not present in memory
def parent_function(person):
# this is how you can define a variable inside a function - local variable
coin = 3
# this is how you can define a function inside a function - this is a nested function
def coin_management():
# this is how you can access a variable from the outer function - nonlocal variable - in general you can't use a variable from the outer function inside a inner function
nonlocal coin
coin -= 1
if coin > 0:
print(f"{person} has {coin} left")
else:
print(f"{person} is out of coin")
return coin_management
son = parent_function("son")
daughter = parent_function("daughter")
son() # son has 2 left
son() # son has 1 left
daughter() # daughter has 2 left
son() # son is out of coin
daughter() # daughter has 1 left
# loops
# this is how you can use a for loop
condition = True
# while loop - you can use a while loop when you don't know the number of iterations
while condition == True:
print("condition is true")
condition = False
# this is how you can use a for loop - you can use a for loop when you know the number of iterations
for hobby in hobbies:
print(hobby)
# Class
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def get_name(self):
return self.name
# this is how you can define a class - a class is a blueprint for creating objects - class name should be in CamelCase - just a standard
# this is how you can inherit a class - Dog is inheriting from Animal
class Dog (Animal):
# function inside a class is called a method
# variables inside a class are called attributes
# this is how you can define a constructor - a constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created - name, age and color are the attributes of the class
def __init__(self, name, age, color):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.color = color
# operation overloading - you can define the behavior of the operators
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.age > other.age
# this is how you can define a method - self is a reference to the current instance of the class
def bark(self):
print("Woof")
# this is how you can create an object of a class - you have to provide the required arguments
tommy = Dog("tommy", 2, "brown") # this is how you can create an object of a class
tommy.bark() # this is how you can call a method of a class
print(tommy.name) # this is how you can access the attributes of a class
# accepting command line arguments
name = argv[1] # this is how you can get the command line arguments - argv is a list of command line arguments - part of sys module - argv[0] is the name of the file - argv[1] is the first argument and so on
print(f"Hello {name}")
# lambda functions
lambda num : num * 2 # this is how you can define a lambda function - lambda functions are anonymous functions - they are used when you need a function for a short period of time
# recursion - a function calling itself
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
return n * factorial(n - 1)
print(factorial(5)) # 120
# annotations
# this is how you can define a function with annotations - annotations are used to specify the type of the arguments and the return type of the function - inside function argument you can add column and then add data type you want and after round bracket ends you can add arrow -> and define return data type
def some_function1(name: str, age: int) -> str:
return f"{name} is {age} years old."
some_other_name: string = "MAK" # this is how you can define a variable with annotations
# exceptions
# this is how you can handle exceptions - try block is used to catch exceptions - except block is used to handle exceptions - finally block is used to run the code no matter what
try:
# this is how you can raise an exception
raise Exception("This is an exception")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
print("This will run no matter what")
- projects/001/rock_paper_scissors_game.py
import random# this is how you import a module in pythondef greeting():# def is use for function in pythonplayer_choice = 'rock'# this is how you define a variable in python - name and valueplayer_choice = input()# this is how you get input from the user in pythonrandom.choice(OPTIONS)# this is how you generate a random number in python - random.choice() - this will pick a random element from the listchoices = { "player": 'rock', "computer": 'paper' }# this is how you define a dictionary in python - dictionary is like object in js and keep key value pair - name and valueprint(f"Player chose: {player}")# this is how you print a string in python - f"" - this is called f-stringdef check_win(player, computer):# that's how you can add arguments to a function in pythongreeting()# this is how you call a function in python - name of the function followed by ()player, computer = selected_choices.values()# this is how you can unpack a dictionary in python
import random # this is how you import a module in python
OPTIONS = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]
# def is use for function in python
def greeting():
print("Welcome to the Rock, Paper, Scissors game!")
print("Please choose one of the following:")
print("rock")
print("paper")
print("scissors")
def get_choices():
# this is how you define a variable in python - name and value
# this is how you get input from the user in python
player_choice = input()
# this is how you generate a random number in python - random.choice() - this will pick a random element from the list
computer_choice = random.choice(OPTIONS)
# this is how you define a dictionary in python - dictionary is like object in js and keep key value pair - name and value
choices = {
"player": player_choice,
"computer": computer_choice
}
return choices
def print_choices(player, computer):
# this is how you print a string in python - f"" - this is called f-string
print(f"Player chose: {player}")
print(f"Computer chose: {computer}")
# that's how you can add arguments to a function in python
def check_win(player, computer):
if player == computer:
print("It's a tie!")
elif player == "rock":
if computer == "paper":
print("Computer wins!")
else:
print("Player wins!")
elif player == "paper":
if computer == "scissors":
print("Computer wins!")
else:
print("Player wins!")
# this is how you call a function in python - name of the function followed by ()
greeting()
selected_choices = get_choices()
# this is how you can unpack a dictionary in python
player, computer = selected_choices.values()
print_choices(player, computer)
check_win(player, computer)
- projects/002/Card.py
class Card:
def __init__(self, suit, rank):
self.suit = suit
self.rank = rank
def __str__(self): # this will overwrite print functions
return (f"{self.rank['rank']} of {self.suit}")
- projects/002/Deck.py
from Card import Card
import random
class Deck:
def __init__(self):
self.cards = []
suits = ["hearts", "diamonds", "clubs", "spades"]
ranks = [
{"rank": "A", "value": 11},
{"rank": "2", "value": 2},
{"rank": "3", "value": 3},
{"rank": "4", "value": 4},
{"rank": "5", "value": 5},
{"rank": "6", "value": 6},
{"rank": "7", "value": 7},
{"rank": "8", "value": 8},
{"rank": "9", "value": 9},
{"rank": "J", "value": 10},
{"rank": "Q", "value": 10},
{"rank": "K", "value": 10}
]
self.create_cards(suits, ranks)
def create_cards(self, suits, ranks):
for suit in suits:
for rank in ranks:
self.cards.append(Card(suit, rank)) # Use a tuple instead of a list for better readability
def shuffle(self):
if len(self.cards) > 1:
random.shuffle(self.cards)
def deal(self, number=1):
card_dealt = []
for _ in range(number):
if len(self.cards) > 0: # Check if there are cards left to deal
card_dealt.append(self.cards.pop())
else:
break # Exit if there are no cards left
return card_dealt
- projects/002/Hand.py
class Hand:
def __init__(self, dealer = False):
self.cards = []
self.value = 0
self.dealer = dealer
def add_card(self, card_list):
self.cards.extend(card_list)
def calculate_value(self):
self.value = 0
has_ace = False
for card in self.cards:
card_value = int(card.rank["value"])
self.value += card_value
if card.rank["rank"] == "A":
has_ace = True
if has_ace and self.value > 21:
self.value -= 10
def get_value(self):
self.calculate_value()
return self.value
def is_blackjack(self):
return self.get_value() == 21
def display(self, show_all_dealer_cards = False):
print(f'''{"Dealer's" if self.dealer else "Your"} hand''')
for index, card in enumerate(self.cards):
if index == 0 and self.dealer and not show_all_dealer_cards and not self.is_blackjack():
print("hidden")
else:
print(card)
print(card)
if not self.dealer:
print(f"Value: {self.get_value()}")
print()
- projects/002/Game.py
from Deck import Deck
from Hand import Hand
class Game:
def play(self):
game_number = 0
games_to_play = 0
while games_to_play <= 0:
try:
games_to_play = int(input("how many games do you want to play? "))
except:
print("You must enter an number.")
while game_number < games_to_play:
game_number += 1
deck = Deck()
deck.shuffle()
player_hand = Hand()
dealer_hand = Hand(dealer = True)
for i in range(2):
player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
print()
print("*" * 30)
print(f" Game {game_number} of {games_to_play} ")
print("*" * 30)
player_hand.display()
dealer_hand.display()
if self.check_winner(player_hand, dealer_hand):
continue
choice = ""
while player_hand.get_value() < 21 and choice not in ['s', 'stand']:
choice = input("Please choose 'Hit' or 'Stand': ").lower()
print()
while choice not in ["h", "s", "hit", "stand"]:
choice = input("Please enter 'Hit' or 'Stand' (or H/S) ").lower()
print()
if choice in ["h", "hit"]:
player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
player_hand.display()
if self.check_winner(player_hand, dealer_hand):
continue
player_hand_value = player_hand.get_value()
dealer_hand_value = dealer_hand.get_value()
while dealer_hand_value < 17:
dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
dealer_hand_value = dealer_hand.get_value()
dealer_hand.display(show_all_dealer_cards = True)
if self.check_winner(player_hand, dealer_hand):
continue
print("Final Results")
print(f"Your hand: {player_hand_value}")
print(f"Dealer hand: {dealer_hand_value}")
self.check_winner(player_hand, dealer_hand, game_over = True)
print("\n Thanks For Playing!")
def check_winner(self, player_hand, dealer_hand, game_over = False):
if not game_over:
if player_hand.get_value() > 21:
print("You busted. Dealer Wins!")
return True
elif dealer_hand.get_value() > 21:
print("Dealer busted. You win!")
return True
elif dealer_hand.is_blackjack() and player_hand.is_blackjack():
print("Both players have blackjack! Tie!")
return True
elif dealer_hand.is_blackjack():
print("Dealer win. Dealer have a blackjack!")
return True
elif player_hand.is_blackjack():
print("You Win. You have a blackjack!")
return True
else:
if player_hand.get_value() > dealer_hand.get_value():
print("You win!")
elif dealer_hand.get_value() > player_hand.get_value():
print("Dealer win!")
elif player_hand.get_value() == dealer_hand.get_value():
print("Tie!")
return True
return False
- projects/002/main.py
from Game import Game
g = Game()
g.play()
+= for addition-= for subtraction*= for multiplication/= for division%= for mod (remainder)**= for double multiplication//= for division and then round to smallest=== for comparisonand= and operatoror= or operatorin= in operator!= not comparison<= less then comparison<== less then and equal comparison>= greater then comparison>== greater then and equal comparison
def= use for function declarationinput= use to get user inputprint= use to display data in console - just like console.log in js
#- this is a single line comment = use for single line comments- Python is caseSensitive, means name and Name are two other things -
kabab caseis recommended in python, eg: my_app. - In Python indentation is very important so don't mess with it otherwise you will be mess
I start my journey using this cool stuff so shout to them: