RESTful API Node Typescript Server Boilerplate

This project pairs well with this React Template

Manual Installation

Clone the repo:

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/saisilinus/node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate.git
cd node-express-mongoose-typescript-boilerplate

Install the dependencies:

yarn install

Set the environment variables:

cp .env.example .env

# open .env and modify the environment variables (if needed)

Features
Commands
Making Changes
Environment Variables
Project Structure
API Documentation
Error Handling
Validation
Authentication
Authorization
Logging
Custom Mongoose Plugins
- To JSON Plugin
- Paginate Plugin
Linting
Contributing
Inspirations
License

Features

ES9: latest ECMAScript features
Static Typing: TypeScript static typing using typescript
Hot Reloading: Concurrently Hot realoding with concurrently
NoSQL database: MongoDB object data modeling using Mongoose
Authentication and authorization: using passport
Validation: request data validation using Joi
Logging: using winston and morgan
Testing: unit and integration tests using Jest
Error handling: centralized error handling mechanism
API documentation: with swagger-jsdoc and swagger-ui-express
Process management: advanced production process management using PM2
Dependency management: with Yarn
Environment variables: using dotenv and cross-env
Security: set security HTTP headers using helmet
Santizing: sanitize request data against xss and query injection
CORS: Cross-Origin Resource-Sharing enabled using cors
Compression: gzip compression with compression
CI: continuous integration with GitHub CI
Docker support
Code coverage: using codecov
Code quality: with Codacy
Git hooks: with husky and lint-staged
Linting: with ESLint and Prettier
Editor config: consistent editor configuration using EditorConfig
Changelog Generation: with Standard Version
Structured Commit Messages: with Commitizen
Commit Linting: with CommitLint

Commands

Running locally:

yarn dev

Running in production:

yarn start

Compiling to JS from TS

yarn compile

Compiling to JS from TS in watch mode

yarn compile:watch

Commiting changes

yarn commit

Testing:

# run all tests
yarn test

# run TypeScript tests
yarn test:ts

# run JS tests
yarn test:js

# run all tests in watch mode
yarn test:watch

# run test coverage
yarn coverage

Docker:

# run docker container in development mode
yarn docker:dev

# run docker container in production mode
yarn docker:prod

# run all tests in a docker container
yarn docker:test

Linting:

# run ESLint
yarn lint

# fix ESLint errors
yarn lint:fix

# run prettier
yarn prettier

# fix prettier errors
yarn prettier:fix

Making Changes

Run yarn dev so you can compile Typescript(.ts) files in watch mode

yarn dev

Add your changes to TypeScript(.ts) files which are in the src folder. The files will be automatically compiled to JS if you are in watch mode.

Add tests for the new feature

Run yarn test:ts to make sure all Typescript tests pass.

yarn test:ts

Environment Variables

The environment variables can be found and modified in the .env file. They come with these default values:

# Port number
PORT=3000

# URL of the Mongo DB
MONGODB_URL=mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/Park254_Backend

# JWT
# JWT secret key
JWT_SECRET=thisisasamplesecret
# Number of minutes after which an access token expires
JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRATION_MINUTES=30
# Number of days after which a refresh token expires
JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DAYS=30

# SMTP configuration options for the email service
# For testing, you can use a fake SMTP service like Ethereal: https://ethereal.email/create
SMTP_HOST=email-server
SMTP_PORT=587
SMTP_USERNAME=email-server-username
SMTP_PASSWORD=email-server-password
EMAIL_FROM=support@yourapp.com

Project Structure

.
├── src                             # Source files
│   ├── app.ts                        # Express App
│   ├── config                        # Environment variables and other configurations
│   ├── custom.d.ts                   # File for extending types from node modules
│   ├── declaration.d.ts              # File for declaring modules without types
│   ├── index.ts                      # App entry file
│   ├── modules                       # Modules such as models, controllers, services 
│   └── routes                        # Routes
├── TODO.md                         # TODO List
├── package.json
└── README.md

API Documentation

To view the list of available APIs and their specifications, run the server and go to http://localhost:3000/v1/docs in your browser. This documentation page is automatically generated using the swagger definitions written as comments in the route files.

API Endpoints

List of available routes:

Auth routes:
POST /v1/auth/register - register
POST /v1/auth/login - login
POST /v1/auth/refresh-tokens - refresh auth tokens
POST /v1/auth/forgot-password - send reset password email
POST /v1/auth/reset-password - reset password

User routes:
POST /v1/users - create a user
GET /v1/users - get all users
GET /v1/users/:userId - get user
PATCH /v1/users/:userId - update user
DELETE /v1/users/:userId - delete user

Error Handling

The app has a centralized error handling mechanism.

Controllers should try to catch the errors and forward them to the error handling middleware (by calling next(error)). For convenience, you can also wrap the controller inside the catchAsync utility wrapper, which forwards the error.

const catchAsync = require('../utils/catchAsync');

const controller = catchAsync(async (req, res) => {
  // this error will be forwarded to the error handling middleware
  throw new Error('Something wrong happened');
});

The error handling middleware sends an error response, which has the following format:

{
  "code": 404,
  "message": "Not found"
}

When running in development mode, the error response also contains the error stack.

The app has a utility ApiError class to which you can attach a response code and a message, and then throw it from anywhere (catchAsync will catch it).

For example, if you are trying to get a user from the DB who is not found, and you want to send a 404 error, the code should look something like:

const httpStatus = require('http-status');
const ApiError = require('../utils/ApiError');
const User = require('../models/User');

const getUser = async (userId) => {
  const user = await User.findById(userId);
  if (!user) {
    throw new ApiError(httpStatus.NOT_FOUND, 'User not found');
  }
};

Validation

Request data is validated using Joi. Check the documentation for more details on how to write Joi validation schemas.

The validation schemas are defined in the src/validations directory and are used in the routes by providing them as parameters to the validate middleware.

const express = require('express');
const validate = require('../../middlewares/validate');
const userValidation = require('../../validations/user.validation');
const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');

const router = express.Router();

router.post('/users', validate(userValidation.createUser), userController.createUser);

Authentication

To require authentication for certain routes, you can use the auth middleware.

const express = require('express');
const auth = require('../../middlewares/auth');
const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');

const router = express.Router();

router.post('/users', auth(), userController.createUser);

These routes require a valid JWT access token in the Authorization request header using the Bearer schema. If the request does not contain a valid access token, an Unauthorized (401) error is thrown.

Generating Access Tokens:

An access token can be generated by making a successful call to the register (POST /v1/auth/register) or login (POST /v1/auth/login) endpoints. The response of these endpoints also contains refresh tokens (explained below).

An access token is valid for 30 minutes. You can modify this expiration time by changing the JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRATION_MINUTES environment variable in the .env file.

Refreshing Access Tokens:

After the access token expires, a new access token can be generated, by making a call to the refresh token endpoint (POST /v1/auth/refresh-tokens) and sending along a valid refresh token in the request body. This call returns a new access token and a new refresh token.

A refresh token is valid for 30 days. You can modify this expiration time by changing the JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DAYS environment variable in the .env file.

Authorization

The auth middleware can also be used to require certain rights/permissions to access a route.

const express = require('express');
const auth = require('../../middlewares/auth');
const userController = require('../../controllers/user.controller');

const router = express.Router();

router.post('/users', auth('manageUsers'), userController.createUser);

In the example above, an authenticated user can access this route only if that user has the manageUsers permission.

The permissions are role-based. You can view the permissions/rights of each role in the src/config/roles.js file.

If the user making the request does not have the required permissions to access this route, a Forbidden (403) error is thrown.

Logging

Import the logger from src/config/logger.js. It is using the Winston logging library.

Logging should be done according to the following severity levels (ascending order from most important to least important):

const logger = require('<path to src>/config/logger');

logger.error('message'); // level 0
logger.warn('message'); // level 1
logger.info('message'); // level 2
logger.http('message'); // level 3
logger.verbose('message'); // level 4
logger.debug('message'); // level 5

In development mode, log messages of all severity levels will be printed to the console.

In production mode, only info, warn, and error logs will be printed to the console.
It is up to the server (or process manager) to actually read them from the console and store them in log files.
This app uses pm2 in production mode, which is already configured to store the logs in log files.

Note: API request information (request url, response code, timestamp, etc.) are also automatically logged (using morgan).

Custom Mongoose Plugins

The app also contains 2 custom mongoose plugins that you can attach to any mongoose model schema. You can find the plugins in src/models/plugins.

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const { toJSON, paginate } = require('./plugins');

const userSchema = mongoose.Schema(
  {
    /* schema definition here */
  },
  { timestamps: true }
);

userSchema.plugin(toJSON);
userSchema.plugin(paginate);

const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

toJSON

The toJSON plugin applies the following changes in the toJSON transform call:

removes __v, createdAt, updatedAt, and any schema path that has private: true
replaces _id with id

paginate

The paginate plugin adds the paginate static method to the mongoose schema.

Adding this plugin to the User model schema will allow you to do the following:

const queryUsers = async (filter, options) => {
  const users = await User.paginate(filter, options);
  return users;
};

The filter param is a regular mongo filter.

The options param can have the following (optional) fields:

const options = {
  sortBy: 'name:desc', // sort order
  limit: 5, // maximum results per page
  page: 2, // page number
  projectBy: 'name:hide, role:hide', // fields to hide or include in the results
};

The projectBy option can include multiple criteria (separated by a comma) but cannot include and exclude fields at the same time. Check out the following examples:

name:hide, role:hide should work
name:include, role:include should work
name:include, role:hide will not work

The plugin also supports sorting by multiple criteria (separated by a comma): sortBy: name:desc,role:asc

The paginate method returns a Promise, which fulfills with an object having the following properties:

{
  "results": [],
  "page": 2,
  "limit": 5,
  "totalPages": 10,
  "totalResults": 48
}

Linting

Linting is done using ESLint and Prettier.

In this app, ESLint is configured to follow the Airbnb JavaScript style guide with some modifications. It also extends eslint-config-prettier to turn off all rules that are unnecessary or might conflict with Prettier.

To modify the ESLint configuration, update the .eslintrc.json file. To modify the Prettier configuration, update the .prettierrc.json file.

To prevent a certain file or directory from being linted, add it to .eslintignore and .prettierignore.

To maintain a consistent coding style across different IDEs, the project contains .editorconfig

Contributing

Contributions are more than welcome! Please check out the contributing guide.

Inspirations

hagopj13/node-express-boilerplate

License

MIT

primetheus/typescript-api