The Quorum Node includes the following modifications to geth:

‘Proof of work’ consensus algorithm has been replaced with ‘QuorumChain’ consensus, a vote-based consensus mechanism.

This constitutes one of the most salient differences, additional information can be found in the Quorum codebase at:

https://github.com/jpmorganchase/quorum/blob/master/raft/doc.md

The P2P layer has been modified to only allow connections to/from permissioned nodes.

The block generation logic has been modified to replace the ‘global state root’ check with a new ‘global public state root’.

The block validation logic has been modified to replace the ‘global state root’ in the block header with the ‘global public state root’

The State Patricia trie has been split into two: a public state trie and a private state trie.

Block validation logic has been modified to handle ‘Private Transactions’

Transaction creation has been modified to allow for Transaction data to be replaced by encrypted hashes in order to preserve private data where required

The pricing of Gas has been removed, although Gas itself remains