cleaner typeclass instances for `Fractional`

[erikerlandson]

I need a clean way to express the following ideas for spire types, via typeclasses:

1. Some types are "fractional" - they can approximate all their answers "closely" (for some value of "close") in a fractional way:

• Float
• Double
• Rational
• BigDecimal
• Algebraic
• Real

2. for all native and spire types that are fractional, one can compute a "good" approximation (again, for some value of "good") for fpow and nroot

I think a clean way to do this would be to simply define actual typeclass instances of Fractional for all these types. That gives library users a clean way to say either using NRoot or using Fractional in their signatures.

Currently spire provides literally no usable typeclass instance of NRoot[Rational], even though it provides instances for several integral types like NRoot[Int], which doesn't seem numerically safe at all!

There are also currently no typeclass instances that allow one to "filter" on numeric types that actually are fractional. I should be able to say things like using Fractional[V] and have this be satisfiable for Float, Double, Rational, BigDecimal, etc. Currently that doesn't seem possible.

[erikerlandson]

This should give me what I want, thanks @armanbilge

spire/core/src/main/scala/spire/math/Fractional.scala

Lines 25 to 30 in 1006dbf

	implicit final val FloatIsFractional: Fractional[Float] = new FloatIsFractional
	implicit final val DoubleIsFractional: Fractional[Double] = new DoubleIsFractional
	implicit final val BigDecimalIsFractional: Fractional[BigDecimal] = new BigDecimalIsFractional
	implicit final val AlgebraicIsFractional: Fractional[Algebraic] = new AlgebraicIsFractional
	implicit final val NumberIsFractional: Fractional[Number] = new NumberIsFractional
	implicit final val RationalIsFractional: Fractional[Rational] = new RationalIsFractional