Poetry: Dependency Management for Python

Poetry helps you declare, manage and install dependencies of Python projects, ensuring you have the right stack everywhere.

It supports Python 2.7 and 3.4+.

The complete documentation is available on the official website.

Installation

Poetry provides a custom installer that will install poetry isolated from the rest of your system by vendorizing its dependencies. This is the recommended way of installing poetry.

curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python

Alternatively, you can download the get-poetry.py file and execute it separately.

If you want to install prerelease versions, you can do so by passing --preview to get-poetry.py:

python get-poetry.py --preview

Similarly, if you want to install a specific version, you can use --version:

python get-poetry.py --version 0.7.0

Using pip to install poetry is also possible.

pip install --user poetry

Be aware, however, that it will also install poetry's dependencies which might cause conflicts.

Updating `poetry`

Updating poetry to the latest stable version is as simple as calling the self update command.

poetry self update

If you want to install prerelease versions, you can use the --preview option.

poetry self update --preview

And finally, if you want to install a specific version you can pass it as an argument to self update.

poetry self update 1.0.0

Note:

If you are still on poetry version < 1.0 use `poetry self:update` instead.

Enable tab completion for Bash, Fish, or Zsh

poetry supports generating completion scripts for Bash, Fish, and Zsh. See poetry help completions for full details, but the gist is as simple as using one of the following:

# Bash
poetry completions bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/poetry.bash-completion

# Bash (macOS/Homebrew)
poetry completions bash > $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion.d/poetry.bash-completion

# Fish
poetry completions fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/poetry.fish

# Zsh
poetry completions zsh > ~/.zfunc/_poetry

# Zsh (macOS/Homebrew)
poetry completions zsh > $(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions/_poetry

Note: you may need to restart your shell in order for the changes to take effect.

For zsh, you must then add the following line in your ~/.zshrc before compinit (not for homebrew setup):

fpath+=~/.zfunc

Introduction

poetry is a tool to handle dependency installation as well as building and packaging of Python packages. It only needs one file to do all of that: the new, standardized pyproject.toml.

In other words, poetry uses pyproject.toml to replace setup.py, requirements.txt, setup.cfg, MANIFEST.in and the newly added Pipfile.

[tool.poetry]
name = "my-package"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "The description of the package"

license = "MIT"

authors = [
    "Sébastien Eustace <sebastien@eustace.io>"
]

readme = 'README.md'  # Markdown files are supported

repository = "https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry"
homepage = "https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry"

keywords = ['packaging', 'poetry']

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "~2.7 || ^3.2"  # Compatible python versions must be declared here
toml = "^0.9"
# Dependencies with extras
requests = { version = "^2.13", extras = [ "security" ] }
# Python specific dependencies with prereleases allowed
pathlib2 = { version = "^2.2", python = "~2.7", allow-prereleases = true }
# Git dependencies
cleo = { git = "https://github.com/sdispater/cleo.git", branch = "master" }

# Optional dependencies (extras)
pendulum = { version = "^1.4", optional = true }

[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
pytest = "^3.0"
pytest-cov = "^2.4"

[tool.poetry.scripts]
my-script = 'my_package:main'

There are some things we can notice here:

It will try to enforce semantic versioning as the best practice in version naming.
You can specify the readme, included and excluded files: no more MANIFEST.in. poetry will also use VCS ignore files (like .gitignore) to populate the exclude section.
Keywords (up to 5) can be specified and will act as tags on the packaging site.
The dependencies sections support caret, tilde, wildcard, inequality and multiple requirements.
You must specify the python versions for which your package is compatible.

poetry will also detect if you are inside a virtualenv and install the packages accordingly. So, poetry can be installed globally and used everywhere.

poetry also comes with a full fledged dependency resolution library.

Why?

Packaging systems and dependency management in Python are rather convoluted and hard to understand for newcomers. Even for seasoned developers it might be cumbersome at times to create all files needed in a Python project: setup.py, requirements.txt, setup.cfg, MANIFEST.in and the newly added Pipfile.

So I wanted a tool that would limit everything to a single configuration file to do: dependency management, packaging and publishing.

It takes inspiration in tools that exist in other languages, like composer (PHP) or cargo (Rust).

And, finally, there is no reliable tool to properly resolve dependencies in Python, so I started poetry to bring an exhaustive dependency resolver to the Python community.

What about Pipenv?

In short: I do not like the CLI it provides, or some of the decisions made, and I think we can make a better and more intuitive one. Here are a few things that I don't like.

Dependency resolution

The dependency resolution is erratic and will fail even if there is a solution. Let's take an example:

pipenv install oslo.utils==1.4.0

will fail with this error:

Could not find a version that matches pbr!=0.7,!=2.1.0,<1.0,>=0.6,>=2.0.0

while Poetry will get you the right set of packages:

poetry add oslo.utils=1.4.0

results in :

  - Installing pytz (2018.3)
  - Installing netifaces (0.10.6)
  - Installing netaddr (0.7.19)
  - Installing oslo.i18n (2.1.0)
  - Installing iso8601 (0.1.12)
  - Installing six (1.11.0)
  - Installing babel (2.5.3)
  - Installing pbr (0.11.1)
  - Installing oslo.utils (1.4.0)

This is possible thanks to the efficient dependency resolver at the heart of Poetry.

Here is a breakdown of what exactly happens here:

oslo.utils (1.4.0) depends on:

pbr (>=0.6,!=0.7,<1.0)
Babel (>=1.3)
six (>=1.9.0)
iso8601 (>=0.1.9)
oslo.i18n (>=1.3.0)
netaddr (>=0.7.12)
netifaces (>=0.10.4)

What interests us is pbr (>=0.6,!=0.7,<1.0).

At this point, poetry will choose pbr==0.11.1 which is the latest version that matches the constraint.

Next it will try to select oslo.i18n==3.20.0 which is the latest version that matches oslo.i18n (>=1.3.0).

However this version requires pbr (!=2.1.0,>=2.0.0) which is incompatible with pbr==0.11.1, so poetry will try to find a version of oslo.i18n that satisfies pbr (>=0.6,!=0.7,<1.0).

By analyzing the releases of oslo.i18n, it will find oslo.i18n==2.1.0 which requires pbr (>=0.11,<2.0). At this point the rest of the resolution is straightforward since there is no more conflict.

4F2E4A2E/poetry