Welcome to this comprehensive Python tutorial where we'll explore various Python functionalities, from basic commands and scripting to interacting with external APIs and libraries. Let's dive into the world of Python, step by step.
- Scraping URL
- Using Ollama for AI Conversations
- Ollama Client Conversations
- File Management in Python
- Play a Snake Game with Pygame
- Real-Time Tickers from Binance
- City View from Google Maps
- Connecting to MySQL Database
- Creating a Web GUI Window Form
- Basic Python IO
- String Methods in Python
- Performing Numerical Calculations
- Understanding Python Operations
- Exploring Python Operators
- Control Flow with if-else in Python
- Working with Lists and Tuples
- Navigating Ranges in Python
- Looping Through Collections
- Math Functions in Python
- Working with Matrices
- Dictionaries and Their Functions
- Modules and Exception Handling
- Interacting with MongoDB
- Database Operations with MongoDB
- Real-Time Data with CoinPaprika API
- Crypto Data with CoinGecko API
- Playing PacMan with Pygame
- Analyzing Crypto Data with CoinGecko and Pandas
- Creating an AI Chat Interface with Gradio
# Import necessary libraries
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# Enter the URL you want to scrape
url = 'https://www.example.com'
response = requests.get(url)
# Parse the HTML content of the page
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
# Extract the title of the page
title = soup.title.text
# Print the URL and its title
print(url)
print(title)#Ollama https://github.com/ollama/ollama-python
import asyncio, ollama, tkinter as tk
from ollama import AsyncClient
from tkinter import messagebox, simpledialog
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
models = ollama.list()
# create a string with all model names
model_string = "\n".join(f"{i+1}. {model['name']}" for i, model in enumerate(models['models']))
#messagebox.showinfo("Available Models", model_string)
model_number = simpledialog.askinteger("Model Selection", "Choose a model by entering its number: \n"+ model_string) - 1
# store chosen model name in 'model' variable
model = models['models'][model_number]['name']
print(f"Selected {model}")
async def chat(input_data):
message = {'role': 'user', 'content': input_data}
async for part in await AsyncClient().chat(model='mistral', messages=[message], stream=True):
print(part['message']['content'], end='', flush=True)
input_data = '1'
while bool(input_data):
input_data = input(">>> ")
asyncio.run(chat(input_data))
from ollama import Client
client = Client(host='http://localhost:11434')
response = client.chat(model='mistral', messages=[
{
'role': 'user',
'content': 'Why is the sky blue?',
},
])
import ollama
response = ollama.chat(model='mistral', messages=[
{
'role': 'user',
'content': 'how big is the USA?',
},
])
print('how big is the USA?')
input_data = print(response['message']['content'])
#Ollama Stream
input_data = input("Enter your input: ")
stream = ollama.chat(
model='mistral',
messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': input_data}],
stream=True,
)
for chunk in stream:
print(chunk['message']['content'], end='', flush=True)#File managment
if bool(input('Enter File managment'))==False:
import os
import filecmp
# Open and read a file
def read_file(file_path):
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
return content
# Write (save) to a file
def write_file(file_path, content):
with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
file.write(content)
# Append (update) a file
def append_to_file(file_path, additional_content):
with open(file_path, 'a') as file:
file.write(additional_content)
# Edit a file (replace a specific string)
def edit_file(file_path, old_string, new_string):
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
content = content.replace(old_string, new_string)
with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
file.write(content)
# Delete a file
def delete_file(file_path):
if os.path.exists(file_path):
os.remove(file_path)
else:
print(f"The file {file_path} does not exist.")
# Compare two files
def compare_files(file_path1, file_path2):
return filecmp.cmp(file_path1, file_path2, shallow=False)
# Search for a string in a file
def search_in_file(file_path, search_string):
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
for line_number, line in enumerate(file, start=1):
if search_string in line:
return line_number, line
return None
# Best Practice 1: Use context managers (with statement) to handle files
# Example: Reading from a file using a context manager
def read_file_with_context_manager(file_path):
try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
return content
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"File not found: {file_path}")
return None
# Best Practice 2: Check if a file exists before trying to use it
# Example: Deleting a file only if it exists
def safe_delete_file(file_path):
if os.path.exists(file_path):
os.remove(file_path)
print(f"File {file_path} has been deleted.")
else:
print(f"The file {file_path} does not exist, so it cannot be deleted.")
# Best Practice 3: Use exception handling to deal with potential runtime errors
# Example: Handling errors while writing to a file
def write_file_with_exception_handling(file_path, content):
try:
with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
file.write(content)
except IOError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while writing to the file: {e}")
# Best Practice 4: Avoid using absolute file paths
# Example: Using a relative path to specify a file location
relative_file_path = "py/example.txt" # Relative to the current working directory
# Best Practice 5: Use os.path.join to construct file paths
# Example: Constructing a file path that is OS-independent
base_directory = "py"
file_name = "example.txt"
file_path = os.path.join(base_directory, file_name)
# Example usage of the functions with best practices:
# Using context manager to read a file
content = read_file_with_context_manager(file_path)
if content:
print("Content of the file:")
print(content)
# Safely deleting a file
if input('delete?' + file_path +'(y/n)')=='y':
safe_delete_file(file_path)
# Writing to a file with exception handling
write_file_with_exception_handling(file_path, "Hello, World!")
# Note: The 'data' directory should exist in the current working directory for these examples to work.
# Example usage of the functions:
# Define file paths
file1 = 'example1.txt'
file2 = 'example2.txt'
# Write to files
write_file(file1, "Hello, World!\nThis is the first example file.")
write_file(file2, "Hello, World!\nThis is the second example file.")
# Read files
print("Content of file1:")
print(read_file(file1))
# Append to file1
append_to_file(file1, "\nThis is additional content for file1.")
# Edit file1 (replace 'first' with 'updated first')
edit_file(file1, 'first', 'updated first')
# Compare files
are_files_equal = compare_files(file1, file2)
print(f"Are the two files equal? {are_files_equal}")
# Search for a string in file1
line_number, line_content = search_in_file(file1, 'additional')
print(f"String found in file1 at line {line_number}: {line_content.strip()}")
# Delete file2
#delete_file(file2)if bool(input('Enter Play Snake'))==False:
import pygame
import random
import sys
# Initialize pygame
pygame.init()
# Set screen size
screen_width = 600
screen_height = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
# Set title
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
# Colors
green = (0,255,0)
red = (255,0,0)
black = (0,0,0)
white = (255,255,255)
# FPS controller
fps_controller = pygame.time.Clock()
# Game variables
snake_pos = [100, 50]
snake_body = [[100, 50], [90, 50], [80, 50]]
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_width/10)*10, random.randrange(1, screen_height/10)*10]
food_spawn = True
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction
score = 0
# Game Over
def game_over():
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Display Score
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
if choice == 1:
score_rect.midtop = (screen_width/10, 15)
else:
score_rect.midtop = (screen_width/2, screen_height/1.25)
screen.blit(score_surface, score_rect)
pygame.display.flip()
# Main logic
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over()
# Keyboard handling
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
change_to = 'UP'
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
change_to = 'DOWN'
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
change_to = 'LEFT'
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
change_to = 'RIGHT'
# Validate direction
if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
direction = 'UP'
if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
direction = 'DOWN'
if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
direction = 'LEFT'
if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
direction = 'RIGHT'
# Update snake position
if direction == 'UP':
snake_pos[1] -= 10
if direction == 'DOWN':
snake_pos[1] += 10
if direction == 'LEFT':
snake_pos[0] -= 10
if direction == 'RIGHT':
snake_pos[0] += 10
# Snake body mechanism
snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_pos))
if snake_pos[0] == food_pos[0] and snake_pos[1] == food_pos[1]:
score += 1
food_spawn = False
else:
snake_body.pop()
# Spawn food
if not food_spawn:
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, screen_width/10)*10, random.randrange(1, screen_height/10)*10]
food_spawn = True
# Draw background
screen.fill(black)
# Draw snake
for pos in snake_body:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, green, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
# Draw food
pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 10, 10))
# Game Over conditions
if snake_pos[0] < 0 or snake_pos[0] > screen_width-10:
game_over()
if snake_pos[1] < 0 or snake_pos[1] > screen_height-10:
game_over()
# Touching tail
for block in snake_body[1:]:
if snake_pos[0] == block[0] and snake_pos[1] == block[1]:
game_over()
show_score(1, white, 'consolas', 20)
# Refresh screen
pygame.display.update()
# Refresh rate
fps_controller.tick(25)import tkinter as tk
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv
from datetime import datetime
root = tk.Tk()
urls = {
'BTC': 'https://www.binance.com/en/trade/BTC_USDT?type=cross',
'BTC FT': 'https://www.binance.com/en/futures/BTCUSDT',
'SOL': 'https://www.binance.com/en/trade/SOL_USDT?type=cross',
'SOL FT': 'https://www.binance.com/en/futures/SOLUSDT'
}
labels = {}
for name, url in urls.items():
label = tk.Label(root, text=name + ":")
label.grid(row=len(labels), column=0)
var = tk.StringVar()
title_label = tk.Label(root, textvariable=var)
title_label.grid(row=len(labels), column=1)
labels[name] = var
def update():
for name, url in urls.items():
r = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html.parser')
title = soup.title.text
labels[name].set(title)
with open('data.csv', 'a') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
for name in labels:
writer.writerow([name, datetime.now(), labels[name].get()])
root.after(1000, update)
update()
root.mainloop()import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
from geopy.distance import geodesic
import folium
root = tk.Tk()
geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="myapp")
city_var = tk.StringVar()
city_entry = ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=city_var)
city_entry.grid(row=0, column=0)
def show_map():
city = city_var.get()
location = geolocator.geocode(city)
if location is None:
print("Invalid city name")
return
lat, lon = location.point
# Create map using folium
m = folium.Map(location=[lat, lon], zoom_start=13)
# Get city bounds
north, south, east, west = bounds = location.raw['boundingbox']
# Add bounds to map
folium.Rectangle(
bounds=[north, south, east, west],
color='blue',
fill=True,
fill_color='blue',
fill_opacity=0.1
).add_to(m)
# Save map as image
m.save("map.html")
# Open image and display in Tkinter
img = tk.ImageTk.PhotoImage(file="map.html")
label = ttk.Label(root, image=img)
label.image = img
label.grid(row=1, column=0)
ttk.Button(root, text="Search", command=show_map).grid(row=0, column=1)
root.mainloop()import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="172.17.32.1",
user="root",
password="",
database="btcpy"
)
# Print databases (just the current one for MySQL)
print("\nDatabases:" + mydb.database)
# Get cursor
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
for db in mycursor:
print(db)
# Loop through "tables" (MySQL tables)
for table_name in mycursor.execute("SHOW TABLES"):
print("\nTable:", table_name)
# Get column names
mycursor.execute(f"SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = '{table_name}'")
columns = [column[0] for column in mycursor.fetchall()]
print("Columns:", columns)
# Print table data
mycursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name}")
print("Data:")
for row in mycursor:
print(row)
print("\n" + "="*40 + "\n")import tkinter as tk #import tkinter module
from tkhtmlview import HTMLLabel # for rendering HTML
from tkinter import messagebox
from datetime import datetime
import webbrowser,requests
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Web Browser")
input1 = tk.Entry(root)
input1.insert(0, "https://example.com")
input1.pack()
browser = tk.Frame(root)
browser.pack()
# Use HTMLLabel to display content
html_view = HTMLLabel(browser)
html_view.pack()
html_view.use_ttk = True
def show_page():
url = input1.get()
response = requests.get(url)
html = response.text
# Set HTML content
html_view.set_html(html)
btn = tk.Button(root, text="Load Page", command=show_page)
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()
#GUI window form
if bool(input('Enter to skip GUI'))==True:
root = tk.Tk() #create root window set title and size
root.title("Concat Input")
root.geometry("400x400")
input1 = tk.Entry(root) #create input box 1
input1.pack()
input2 = tk.Entry(root) #create input box 2
input2.pack()
def concat_inputs():
#get text from input boxes
concat_text = input1.get() + input2.get()
#update label with concatenated text
result_label.config(text=concat_text)
#get current date and time
now = datetime.now()
#format date as DD/MM/YYYY
date_text = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y")
#update date label
date_label.config(text=date_text)
#button to trigger concat function on click
button = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=concat_inputs)
button.pack()
#label to display concatenated text
result_label = tk.Label(root, text="")
result_label.pack()
#label to display date
date_label = tk.Label(root, text="")
date_label.pack()
root.mainloop() #start GUI event looppretext = 'the price is'
postext = "in total"
price = input(pretext[:]+':') # [:] all range of cells in pretext string
bul = True;
ber = False;
if bul : #if then
print(f'{pretext}:{int(price)*10} {postext}') #formatted output vars in {}
conv = input('continue? (y/n)')
if bool(conv=='y') :
print('ok')
val2 = input('enter a second value')
print(f'calculating {price}*{val2}...=')
print(int(int(price)*int(val2)))course = 'Python For Beginners'
print(course.upper())
print(course.lower())
print('location of thon:' + str(course.find('thon')))
print(course.replace('Python','py'))
print('Python in str:'+'Python' in course) # checks if 'Python' in var course and returns booleannum = 3 + 3 - 2
print('3+3-2 = ' + str(num))
num3 = 10 / 3 * 2
print('10/3*2 = ' + str(num3))
num2 = 10 // 3
print('10 div 3 = ' + str(num2))
num4 = 10 % 3
print('10 mod 3 = ' + str(num4))
num5 = 10 ** 3
print('10^3 = ' + str(num5))
num +=num # num = num+number
print('+=num = ' + str(num))
num *=num # num = num*number
print('*=num = ' + str(num))
num -=num # num = num-number
print('-=num = ' + str(num))
num /=num+1 # num = num/number
print('/=num = ' + str(num))# Basic comparison and logical operations
num = 3 > 2 # = True
print('3 > 2 = ' + str(num))
num = 3 != 2 # = True
print('3 != 2 = ' + str(num))
num = 3 == 2 # = False
print('3 == 2 = ' + str(num))# Demonstrating the use of logical operators
price = 25
print((price > 10) and (price < 30) or (price < 26) and not (price !=25)) # Returns booltemp = 5
if temp > 30:
print('hot')
elif temp > 20:
print('nice day')
elif temp > 10:
print('cool day')
else: print('its cold') # Demonstrating list operations
nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
nums.append(6)
nums.insert(0,-1)
nums.remove(3)
print(nums)
if (1 in nums):
print('1 is IN total nums:')
print(len(nums))
#Tuples
nums = (5,11,2) # start,end,step
print(str(nums.count(11)))
for num in nums: print(num)# Using range for iterations
nums = range(5, 11, 2) # start, end, step
print(list(range(13))) # Generating a range up to 12
for num in nums:
print(num)# Demonstrating while and for loops
nums = range(5,11,2) # start,end,step
print(range(13))
for num in nums: print(num)
#Loops & Iterating over a list
if bool(input('Enter to skip loops'))==True:
i=1
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry","melon"]
while i < len(fruits):
print(i*"*")
print(fruits[i])
i+=1
#break and else: can be added to act as finally (incase of NO break)
print(fruits[-2])
fruits[-2]="pineapple"
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
print(fruits[1:3])
for item in range(1,10):
print(item)
my_iterator = iter(fruits) #define an iterator object from the list iterator
print('1:'+next(my_iterator)) #point to the iterator to the next cell
print('2:'+next(my_iterator))
print('3:'+next(my_iterator))
my_iterator = iter(fruits) #define an iterator object from the list iterator
while True:
try:
element = next(my_iterator)
print(element)
except StopIteration: #if stopiteration event is raised stop the loop
breakimport math #(search python3 math module in google)
x=2.9
print(round(x))
print(abs(x))
math.ceil(x) #using the math library
math.floor(x)
#Dictionary functions
if bool(input('Enter to skip Dictionary'))==True:
customer = {
"name": "John Smith",
"age": 30,
"is_verified": True
}
print(customer["name"])
print(customer.get("age"))
print(customer.get("Birthday","1/1/1999")) #value if birthday field not exists
print('_____________________')
for k in {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}: #set an iterator to run on a dictionary
print(k)# Demonstration of managing a Matrix in Python
#Matrix functions
if bool(input('Enter to skip Matrix'))==True:
Matrix = [
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
]
Matrix[0][1]=20
for row in Matrix:
for item in row:
print(item) # Utilizing dictionary and its functions
customer = {
"name": "John Smith",
"age": 30,
"is_verified": True
}
print(customer["name"])
print(customer.get("age"))
print(customer.get("Birthday","1/1/1999")) #value if birthday field not exists
print('_____________________')
for k in {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}: #set an iterator to run on a dictionary
print(k)import os #use as to address the module in an alias
print('The project workdir:' + str(os.getcwd()))
print('The project files in dir:' + str(os.listdir()))
print('______Langchain______')
try:
import langchain as LG
print('The module LangChain exposes these methods and properties:' + str(dir(LG)))
except ModuleNotFoundError: print('Langchain not installed')
print('__________OS_________')
print('The module OS exposes these methods and properties:' + str(dir(os)))
#we can import a single function from the methods above using 'from'
from os import get_terminal_size
print('The module path:' + str(os.get_terminal_size()))
print('_____________________')
import sys
print('The sys module path:' + str(sys.path))import pymongo
# Set your MongoDB credentials
username = ""
password = ""
# Connect to MongoDB with without credentials
client = pymongo.MongoClient(f"mongodb://localhost:27017/")
# if username / password not null use --->> (f"mongodb://{username}:{password}@localhost:27017/")
# Print all the databases and table names in the client variable
print(f'\nDatabases:'+ str(client.list_database_names()))
# For each database, print all the tables and their columns
for db_name in client.list_database_names():
db = client[db_name]
print(f"\nDatabase: {db_name}")
# For each collection (table) in the database, print its name and columns
for collection_name in db.list_collection_names():
collection = db[collection_name]
print(f"Table: {collection_name}")
# Print column names
if bool(input('Enter to show Columns'))==False:
sample_document = collection.find_one()
if sample_document:
print("Columns:", list(sample_document.keys()))
# Print data in the table
if bool(input('Enter to skip print data'))==True:
print("Data:")
for document in collection.find():
print(document)
print("\n" + "="*40 + "\n")
#DataBase operations (Mongo)
if bool(input('Enter to skip DataBase operations (Mongo)'))==True:
import pymongo
# Create Database,Table,Columns (No explicit command in MongoDB)
# Databases are implicitly created when data is inserted.
# Collections are created when data is inserted.
# Add Columns and Primary Key (No explicit command in MongoDB)
# Indexes can be added later.
# Insert Rows
database_name = 'TESTDB'
collection_name = 'TestTable'
# Access the collection
client = pymongo.MongoClient(f"mongodb://localhost:27017/")
test_table = client[database_name][collection_name]
def printdb():
print(f"Table Name: {collection_name}")
# Print columns
sample_document = test_table.find_one()
if sample_document:
columns = list(sample_document.keys())
print("Columns:", columns)
# Print data
print("\nData:")
for document in test_table.find():
print(document)
#Insert Rows
print('Insert Rows:')
test_table.insert_many([
{'sequence': 1, 'userid': 101, 'username': 'Mark', 'createdate': '2023-03-21', 'description': 'Blue', 'status': 'Active'},
{'sequence': 2, 'userid': 102, 'username': 'Dave', 'createdate': '2022-05-30', 'description': 'Green', 'status': 'Inactive'},
{'sequence': 3, 'userid': 103, 'username': 'Gin', 'createdate': '2024-01-11', 'description': 'Red', 'status': 'Inactive'},
{'sequence': 4, 'userid': 104, 'username': 'Calvin', 'createdate': '2023-01-31', 'description': 'Light Gray', 'status': 'Active'},
{'sequence': 5, 'userid': 105, 'username': 'Randy', 'createdate': '2024-01-21', 'description': 'Yellow Rainbow', 'status': 'Active'},
])
printdb()
# Update Rows
print('Update Rows:')
test_table.update_many({}, {'$set': {'username': {'$toLower': '$username'}}})
printdb()
# Transaction - Start Transaction
print('Start Transaction:')
with client.start_session() as session:
try:
with session.start_transaction():
# Perform multiple operations within the transaction
test_table.update_many({}, {'$set': {'username': {'$toUpper': '$username'}}})
printdb()
raise Exception("Simulating an error, triggering rollback")
# If no exception occurred, commit the transaction
session.commit_transaction()
except Exception as e:
# Handle the exception and log the error
print(f"Error: {e}")
printdb()
# The transaction will be automatically rolled back
# Delete Row
#test_table.delete_one({'sequence': 5}) import pymongo
client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
db = client['testdb']
collection = db['testcollection']
# Inserting multiple documents
collection.insert_many([
{"name": "Alice", "age": 25},
{"name": "Bob", "age": 30}
])
# Updating documents
collection.update_one({"name": "Alice"}, {"$set": {"age": 26}})
# Deleting a document
collection.delete_one({"name": "Bob"})
# Finding documents
for doc in collection.find():
print(doc)import requests
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
# update the URL to https://api.coinpaprika.com/v1/coins/btc-bitcoin' for coin
# API docs https://api.coinpaprika.com/#tag/Coins/paths/~1coins/get
url = 'https://api.coinpaprika.com/v1/coins'
response = requests.get(url)
coins = response.json()
print(str(coins))
top_10 = sorted(coins, key=lambda x: x['market_cap_usd'], reverse=True)[:10]
table = ttk.Treeview(root)
table['columns'] = ('name', 'symbol', 'price', 'marketcap')
table.column('#0', width=0, stretch=tk.NO)
table.heading('name', text='Name')
table.heading('symbol', text='Symbol')
table.heading('price', text='Price')
table.heading('marketcap', text='Market Cap')
for coin in top_10:
table.insert('', 'end',
values=(coin['name'], coin['symbol'], coin['quotes']['USD']['price'], coin['market_cap_usd']))
table.pack()
root.mainloop()import tkinter as tk
import requests
import json
from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
table = ttk.Treeview(root)
table['columns'] = ('name', 'price', 'marketcap', 'volume')
table.column('#0', width=0, stretch=tk.NO)
table.heading('name', text='Name')
table.heading('price', text='Price')
table.heading('marketcap', text='Market Cap')
table.heading('volume', text='Volume')
table.pack()
def update_data():
url = 'https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/coins/markets?vs_currency=usd&order=market_cap_desc&per_page=10'
response = requests.get(url)
print(str(response.text))
coins = json.loads(response.text)
for i in table.get_children():
table.delete(i)
for coin in coins:
table.insert('', 'end', values=(coin['name'], coin['current_price'],
coin['market_cap'], coin['total_volume']))
tk.Button(root, text='Refresh', command=update_data).pack()
update_data()
root.mainloop()import pygame
import random
# Screen size
SCREEN_WIDTH = 600
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
# Pacman settings
pacman_x = 300
pacman_y = 500
pacman_speed = 2
pacman_rect = pygame.Rect(pacman_x, pacman_y, 20, 20)
# Enemy settings
enemy_x = 420
enemy_y = 320
enemy_speed = 1
enemy_rect = pygame.Rect(enemy_x, enemy_y, 20, 20)
# Maze borders
BORDERS = [
pygame.Rect(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, 10),
pygame.Rect(0, 0, 10, SCREEN_HEIGHT),
pygame.Rect(SCREEN_WIDTH-10, 0, 10, SCREEN_HEIGHT),
pygame.Rect(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT-10, SCREEN_WIDTH, 10)
]
# Inner walls
INNER_WALLS = [
pygame.Rect(100, 100, 10, 400),
pygame.Rect(200, 300, 500, 10),
pygame.Rect(300, 200, 10, 100)
]
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('Pacman')
# Game loop
running = True
while running:
# Event handling
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# User input
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and pacman_rect.x > pacman_speed:
pacman_x -= pacman_speed
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and pacman_rect.x < SCREEN_WIDTH - pacman_speed - pacman_rect.width:
pacman_x += pacman_speed
if keys[pygame.K_UP] and pacman_rect.y > pacman_speed:
pacman_y -= pacman_speed
if keys[pygame.K_DOWN] and pacman_rect.y < SCREEN_HEIGHT - pacman_speed - pacman_rect.height:
pacman_y += pacman_speed
# Update rects
pacman_rect.x = pacman_x
pacman_rect.y = pacman_y
enemy_x += enemy_speed
if enemy_rect.collidelist(BORDERS + INNER_WALLS) >= 0:
enemy_speed *= -1
enemy_rect.x = enemy_x
# Draw maze
screen.fill((0,0,0))
for border in BORDERS:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), border)
for wall in INNER_WALLS:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), wall)
# Draw characters
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,200,0), pacman_rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), enemy_rect)
# Update display
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()if bool(input('Enter to Enter CoinGecko pandas'))==0:
import requests
import csv
import pandas as pd
# Get the data from a free API
response = requests.get("https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/coins/markets?vs_currency=usd&order=market_cap_desc&per_page=10&page=1&sparkline=false")
data = response.json()
# Create a csv file
with open('cryptocoins.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["name", "market_cap", "volume", "price_change_percentage_24h", "circulating_supply"])
for coin in data:
writer.writerow([coin['name'], coin['market_cap'], coin['total_volume'], coin['price_change_percentage_24h_in_currency'], coin['circulating_supply']])
# Use pandas to display and analyze the data
df = pd.read_csv('cryptocoins.csv')
# Analyzing the data
market_cap_mean = df['market_cap'].mean()
high_volume_coins = df[df['volume'] > df['volume'].mean()]
positive_price_change_coins = df[df['price_change_percentage_24h'] > 0]
# Detailed report on the recommended coins
recommended_coins = df[(df['market_cap'] > market_cap_mean) & (df['price_change_percentage_24h'] > 0)]
recommended_coins.to_csv('recommended_coins.csv')
# Read the recommended_coins.csv file and print it
recommended_coins_df = pd.read_csv('recommended_coins.csv')
print(recommended_coins_df)import gradio as gr
from transformers import pipeline
# Load the Mistral LLM pipeline
mistral_llm = pipeline("text-generation", model="mistralai/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1")
# Define the chat interface function
def chat_interface(input_text):
response = mistral_llm(input_text, max_length=50)[0]['generated_text']
return response
# Create the Gradio interface
iface = gr.Interface(
fn=chat_interface,
inputs="textbox",
outputs="textbox",
layout="vertical",
title="Mistral LLM Chat",
description="Enter your message and get a response from the Mistral LLM model."
)
# Run the interface
iface.launch()