/RestKit

RestKit is a framework for consuming and modeling RESTful web resources on iOS and OS X

Primary LanguageObjective-CApache License 2.0Apache-2.0

Introduction

RestKit is a Cocoa framework for interacting with RESTful web services in Objective C on iOS and Mac OS X. It provides a set of primitives for interacting with web services wrapping GET, POST, PUT and DELETE HTTP verbs behind a clean, simple interface. RestKit also provides a system for modeling remote resources by mapping them from JSON (or XML) payloads back into local domain objects. Object mapping functions with normal NSObject derived classes with properties. There is also an object mapping implementation included that provides a Core Data backed store for persisting objects loaded from the web.

RestKit was first publicly introduced in April of 2010.

To get started with installation, skip down the document below the Design & Dependencies section.

Design

RestKit is composed of three main components: Network, Object Mapping, and Core Data. Each layer provides a higher level of abstraction around the problem of accessing web services and representing the data returned as an object. The primary goal of RestKit is to allow the application programmer to think more in terms of their application's data model and less about the details of fetching, parsing, and representing resources. Functionally, each piece provides...

  1. Network - The network layer provides a request/response abstraction on top of NSURLConnection. The main interface for the end developer is the RKClient, which provides an interface for sending GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests asynchronously. This wraps the construction and dispatch of RKRequest and RKResponse objects, that provide a nice interface for working with HTTP requests. Sending parameters with your request is as easy as providing an NSDictionary of key/value pairs. File uploading support from NSData and files is supported through the use of an RKParams object, which serializes into a multipart form representation suitable for submission to a remote web server for processing. SSL & HTTP AUTH is fully supported for requests. RKResponse objects provide access to the string of JSON parsed versions of the response body in one line of code. There are also a number of helpful method for inspecting the request and response such as isXHTML, isJSON, isRedirect, isOK, etc.
  2. Object Mapping - The object mapping layer provides a simple API for turning remote JSON/XML responses into local domain objects declaratively. Rather than working directly with RKClient, the developer works with RKObjectManager. RKObjectManager provides support for loading a remote resource path (see below for discussion) and calling back a delegate with object representations of the data loaded. Remote payloads are parsed to an NSDictionary representation and are then mapped to local objects using Key-Value Coding. Any KVC compliant class can be targeted for object mapping. RestKit also provides support for serializing local objects back into a wire format for submission back to your remote backend system. Local domain objects can be serialized to JSON or URL Form Encoded string representations for transport. To simplify the generation of URL's that identify remote resources, RestKit ships with an object routing implementation that can generate an appropriate URL based on the object and HTTP verb being utilized. Object mapping is a deep topic and is explored thoroughly in the Object Mapping Design Document.
  3. Core Data - The Core Data layer provides additional support on top of the object mapper for mapping from remote resources to persist local objects. This is useful for providing offline support, holding on to transient data, and speeding up user interfaces by avoiding expensive trips to the web server. The Core Data support requires that you initialize an instance of RKManagedObjectStore and assign it to the RKObjectManager. RestKit includes a library of extensions to NSManagedObject that provide an Active Record pattern on top of the Core Data primitives. See the Examples/ subdirectory for examples of how to get this running. The Core Data support also provides RKManagedObjectSeeder, a tool for creating a local "seed database" to bootstrap an object model from local JSON files. This allows you to ship an app to the store that already has data pre-loaded and then synchronize with the cloud to keep your clients up to date.

Base URL and Resource Paths

RestKit utilizes the concepts of the Base URL and resource paths throughout the library. Basically the base URL is a prefix URL that all requests will be sent to. This prevents you from spreading server name details across the code base and repeatedly constructing URL fragments. The RKClient and RKObjectManager are both initialized with a base URL initially. All other operations dispatched through these objects work of a resource path, which is basically just a URL path fragment that is appended to the base URL before constructing the request. This allows you to switch between development, staging, and production servers very easily and reduces redundancy.

Note that you can send RKRequest objects to arbitrary URL's by constructing them yourself.

Dependencies

RestKit provides JSON parser implementations using JSONKit, SBJSON & YAJL. The recommended parser is JSONKit (as it is known to be the fastest JSON implementation available), but you may choose whatever parser you like and they can be changed at runtime.

The sources for JSONKit, SBJSON and YAJL are included in the Vendor/ subdirectory. The headers are copied into the RestKit headers path at build time and can be imported into your project via:

#import <RestKit/Support/JSON/JSONKit/JSONKit.h>
#import <RestKit/Support/JSON/SBJSON/JSON.h>
#import <RestKit/Support/JSON/YAJL/YAJL.h>

Currently bundled version of these dependencies are:

  • JSONKit - 1.4
  • YAJLIOS - 0.2.21
  • SBJSON - 2.3.1

If you currently link against or include JSONKit, SBJSON or YAJL in your project, you can disable the RKJSONParser targets and compile the appropriate RKJSONParser sources directly into your application.

XML parsing is supported via a custom, bundled parser written against LibXML.

Additional parsing backend support is expected in future versions.

Documentation & Example Code

Documentation and example code is being added as quickly as possible. Please check the Docs/ and Examples/ subdirectories to see what's available. The RestKit Google Group is an invaluable resource for getting help working with the library.

RestKit has API documentation available on the web. You can access the documentation in several ways:

  1. Online in your web browser. Visit http://restkit.org/api/
  2. Directly within Xcode. Visit your Xcode Preferences and view the Documentation tab. Click + and add the RestKit feed: feed://restkit.org/api/org.restkit.RestKit.atom
  3. Generate the documentation directly from the project source code. Run rake docs to generate and rake docs:install to install into Xcode

Installation

Quick Start (aka TL;DR)

  1. Add Git submodule to your project: git submodule add git://github.com/twotoasters/RestKit.git RestKit
  2. Add cross-project reference by dragging RestKit.xcodeproj to your project
  3. Open build settings editor for your project
  4. Add Header Search Path to the "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build" directory. DO NOT check the Recursive checkbox.
  5. Add Library Search Path to the "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build/$(BUILD_STYLE)-$(PLATFORM_NAME)" directory.
    NOTE: This is only necessary if you are NOT using DerivedData.
  6. Add Other Linker Flags for -ObjC -all_load
  7. Open target settings editor for the target you want to link RestKit into
  8. Add direct dependency on the RestKit aggregate target
  9. Link against required frameworks:
    1. CFNetwork.framework
    2. CoreData.framework
    3. MobileCoreServices.framework
    4. SystemConfiguration.framework
    5. libxml2.dylib
  10. Link against RestKit static library products:
    1. libRestKitSupport.a
    2. libRestKitObjectMapping.a
    3. libRestKitNetwork.a
    4. A JSON parser implementation (either libRestKitJSONParserJSONKit.a, libRestKitJSONParserYAJL.a, or libRestKitJSONParserSBJSON.a). We recommend JSONKit.
  11. Import the RestKit headers via #import <RestKit/RestKit.h>
  12. Build the project to verify installation is successful.

Xcode 3.x (Git Submodule)

To add RestKit to your project (you're using git, right?):

  1. Add the submodule: git submodule add git://github.com/twotoasters/RestKit.git RestKit
  2. Open RestKit.xcodeproj and drag the RestKit project file into your XCode project.
  3. Click on the entry for RestKit.xcodeproj in your project's Groups & Files section. In the right hand pane, find the entries for libRestKitSupport.a libRestKitObjectMapping.a libRestKitNetwork.a and libRestKitJSONParserYAJL.a and click the checkboxes on the far right underneath the silver target icon. This will link your project against RestKit. If you wish to use the Core Data support, click the checkbox next to libRestKitCoreData.a also.
  4. Look to the bottom of the General pane labeled Linked Libraries. You will need to add the following frameworks:
  • CFNetwork.framework - Required for networking support.
  • SystemConfiguration.framework - Required for detection of network availability.
  • MobileCoreServices.framework - Required. Provides support for MIME type auto-detection for uploaded files.
  • CoreData.framework - Optional. Provides support for use of the Core Data backed persistent object store. libxml2.dylib - Optional. Only necessary if you are mapping from XML payloads and link libRestKitXMLParserLibxml.a into your app.
  1. Get Info on your target and you should be looking at the General tag. In the top Direct Dependencies section, click the plus button and add a direct dependency on the RestKit target.
  2. Switch to the 'Build' tab in your project inspector. Make sure that your Configuration pop-up menu reads All Configurations so that your changes will work for all build configurations.
  3. Find the Header Search Paths setting. Double click and add a new entry. When RestKit is compiled, it will copy all relevant headers to the appropriate location under the /Build directory within the RestKit checkout. You need to add a path to the /Build directory of RestKit, relative to your project file. For example, if you checked the submodule out in the root directory of your project, your header path would be "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build".
  4. Find the Library Search Paths setting. Double click and add a new entry. Add a search path to your RestKit build directory such as "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build/$(BUILD_STYLE)-$(PLATFORM_NAME)"
  5. Now find the Other Linker Flags setting. Double click it and add entries for -all_load and -ObjC.
  6. You may now close out the inspector window.

Xcode 4.x (Git Submodule)

  1. Add the submodule: git submodule add git://github.com/twotoasters/RestKit.git RestKit
  2. Open the project you wish to add RestKit to in Xcode.
  3. Focus your project and select the "View" menu > "Navigators" > "Project" to bring the project file list into view.
  4. Drag the RestKit.xcodeproj file from the Finder and drop it on your "<Your Project's Name>".xcodeproj.
  5. Click on your project's name in the sidebar on the left to open the project settings view in the right pane of the window.
  6. In the middle pane you will see PROJECT and TARGETS headers for your project. Click on your project name, then select Build Settings along the top to open the Build Settings editor for your entire project.
  7. Find the Header Search Paths setting. Double click and add a new entry. Add a search path to the "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build" directory you have added to your project. DO NOT check the Recursive checkbox.
  8. Find the Library Search Paths setting. Double click and add a new entry. Add a search path to the "$(SOURCE_ROOT)/RestKit/Build/$(BUILD_STYLE)-$(PLATFORM_NAME)" directory you have added to your project.
    NOTE: This is only necessary if you are NOT using DerivedData.
  9. Find the Other Linker Flags entry and double click it. Use the + button to add a new entry and enter -ObjC -all_load. Dismiss the editor with the Done button.
  10. Locate the target you wish to add RestKit to in the TARGETS list in the middle of the editor pane. Select it to open the target settings editor in the right pane of the window.
  11. Click the Build Phases tab along the top of the window to open the Build Phases editor.
  12. Click the disclosure triangles next to the Target Dependencies and Link Binary with Libraries items.
  13. In the Target Dependencies section, click the + button to open the Target selection sheet. Click on the RestKit aggregate target (it will have the bulls-eye icon) and click the Add button to create a dependency.
  14. In the Link Binary with Libraries section, click the + button to open the Library selection sheet. Here we need to instruct the target to link against all the required RestKit libraries and several system libraries. Select each of the following items (one at a time or while holding down the Command key to select all of them at once) and then click the Add button:
    • libRestKitCoreData.a - Optional. Only necessary if you are using Core Data.
    • libRestKitJSONParserJSONKit.a
    • libRestKitNetwork.a
    • libRestKitObjectMapping.a
    • libRestKitSupport.a
    • CFNetwork.framework
    • CoreData.framework - Optional. Only necessary if you are using Core Data
    • MobileCoreServices.framework
    • SystemConfiguration.framework
    • libxml2.dylib - Optional. Only necessary if you are mapping from XML payloads and link libRestKitXMLParserLibxml.a into your app.
  15. Verify that all of the libraries are showing up in the Link Binary with Libraries section before continuing.

Congratulations, you are now done adding RestKit into your Xcode 4 based project!

You now only need to add includes for the RestKit libraries at the appropriate places in your application. The relevant includes are:

#import <RestKit/RestKit.h>
// And if you are using Core Data...
#import <RestKit/CoreData/CoreData.h>

Please see the Examples/ directory for details on utilizing the library.

Contributing

Forks, patches and other feedback are always welcome.

A Google Group for development and usage of library is available at: http://groups.google.com/group/restkit

Follow RestKit on Twitter:http://twitter.com/restkit

RestKit is brought to you by Two Toasters.