Ali-Key/Basic-TypeScript

Basic Types in TypeScript

TypeScript includes several basic types which allow developers to specify and validate the data types they expect:

• number: For numerical values.
• string: For textual data.
• boolean: For true/false values.
• array: For arrays of other types.
• tuple: For fixed-length arrays with specified types.
• enum: For enumerated values.
• any: For unknown or dynamic types.
• void: For functions that don't return a value.
• null and undefined: For values that are null or undefined.

Topic 2: Deep Dive into Basic Types

1. number

• Used for integers and floating-point numbers.

  Example:

  let age: number = 20; // integer number
  let price: number = 9.99; // floating-point number
  
  
  
  let binary: number = 0b1010; // binary number
  let decimal: number = 6; // decimal number
  let octal: number = 0o744; // octal number
  let hex: number = 0xf00d; // hexadecimal number

2. string

• tring : Used for text. It must be enclosed within single quotes, double quotes, or backticks..

Example:

let name: string = "Ali Omar";  // double quote
let greeting: string = `Hello, my name is ${name}`; // backticks

3. boolean

• Used for true or false values (1 or 0).

  Example:

  let isActive: boolean = true; // true
  let isDisabled: boolean = false; // false

4. array

• Used for arrays of other types.

  Example:

  let numbers: number []= [1, 2, 3]; 
  let listOne: number[] = [1, 2, 3]; // same as above
  let listTwo: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3];// same as above
  
  
  let names: string[] = ['Ali', 'Omar', 'Abdi'];
  let listThree: Array<string> = ['Ali', 'Omar', 'Abdi']; // same as above

5. tuple

• Used for fixed-length arrays with elements of specified types.

  Example:

  let x:[string, number] ; 
  x = ["Hello", 10]; //  [string, number] OK
  // x = [10, "hello"]; // Error

6. enum

• Used for creating named constants.

  Example:

  enum Color {Red, Green, Blue}
  let c: Color = Color.Green;
  
  enum Users {Adim, User, Guest};
  let u: Users = Users.User;

7. any

• Used when the type is unknown or dynamic.

  Example:

  let notSure: any = 6;
  notSure = "maybe a string instead";
  notSure = false;

8. void

• Commonly used as the return type of functions that do not return a value.

  Example:

    function warnUser(): void {
    console.log("This is my warning message");
    }
  
    function logMessage(message: string): void {
    console.log(message);
    }

9. null and undefined

• Special types that have only one value each (null and undefined).

  Example:

  let u: undefined = undefined;
  let n: null = null;