Examining Gender Differentials in the Association of Low Control Work with Cognitive Performance in Older Workers
Code by Katherine Ford for doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa173
Please cite this paper when using the code:
Ford, K. J., Batty, G. D., & Leist, A. K. (2021). Examining gender differentials in the association of low control work with cognitive performance in older workers. European Journal of Public Health, 31(1), 174-180.
This paper uses publicly available data for research purposes from SHARE Waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and the All Waves Coverscreen (DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w1.700, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.700, 10.6103/SHARE.w4.700, 10.6103/SHARE.w5.700, 10.6103/SHARE.w6.700, 10.6103/SHARE.wXcvr.700). The datasets analyzed are accessible through the SHARE Research Data Center: https://shareproject.centerdata.nl/sharedatadissemination/users/login.
K.J.F.’s doctoral training was supported by the Luxembourg National Research Fund under Grant 10949242. The research also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803239, to A.K.L.). The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA No. 211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA No. 227822, SHARE M4: GA No. 261982) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA No. 676536, SERISS: GA No. 654221) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064 and HHSN271201300071C) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged.
lowctrlgrp : Composite variable from ep029_ and ep030_ in the original work files
generate ctrl= ep030_ + (5-ep029_) if ep029_<=4 & ep030_<=4
gen lowctrlgrp=.
local wave "1 2 4 5 6"
foreach x of local wave {
bys country: egen tertctrl`x'= xtile(ctrl) if wave==`x', n(3)
replace lowctrlgrp = tertctrl`x' if wave==`x'
}
newid : mergeid in the original data sets
gender : From the all waves coverscreen file
age_int : From the all waves coverscreen file
cohort : Recode of yrbirth from the all waves coverscreen
gen cohort=1 if yrbirth <1945
replace cohort=2 if yrbirth>=1945 & yrbirth <1950
replace cohort=3 if yrbirth>=1950 & yrbirth <1955
replace cohort=4 if yrbirth>=1955
country : From the original demographics file
hidemgrp : Composite variable from ep027_ and ep028_ in the original work files
generate demand= (5-ep027) + (5-ep028) if ep027<=4 & ep028<=4
gen hidemgrp=.
local wave "1 2 4 5 6"
foreach x of local wave {
egen tertdem`x'= xtile(demand) if wave==`x', n(3)
replace hidemgrp = tertdem`x' if wave==`x'
}
privpubself : ep009 in the original work files
jobsecure : Recode of ep035_ from the original work files
generate jobsecure_=1 if ep035_==3 | ep035_==4 replace jobsecure_=0 if ep035_==1 | ep035_==2
hourgrp : Recoding of ep013_ from the original work files
generate hourgrp = 1 if ep013_<30 & ep013_!=.
replace hourgrp = 2 if ep013_>=30 & ep013_<55
replace hourgrp = 3 if ep013_>=55 & ep013_!=.
quininc : Recode of thinc from the imputations file
gen thinc=(thinc1+thinc2+thinc3+thinc4+thinc5)/5
tab eq_hhsize country, m //only Israel has missing info for hhsize
tab eq_hhsize wave if country==25, m //they are all missing in wave1
bys mergeid (wave): replace eq_hhsize = eq_hhsize[_n+1] if country==25 & wave==1
gen inchh=thinc/eq_hhsize
bys country: egen quininc= xtile (inchh) if wave==1, n(5)
bys country: egen quininc2= xtile (inchh) if wave==2, n(5)
bys country: egen quininc4= xtile (inchh) if wave==4, n(5)
bys country: egen quininc5= xtile (inchh) if wave==5, n(5)
bys country: egen quininc6= xtile (inchh) if wave==6, n(5)
replace quininc = quininc2 if wave==2 & quininc==.
replace quininc = quininc4 if wave==4 & quininc==.
replace quininc = quininc5 if wave==5 & quininc==.
replace quininc = quininc6 if wave==6 & quininc==.
edugrp : Recode of isced from the imputations file
gen isced=(isced1+isced2+isced3+isced4+isced5)/5
generate edugrp=.
tab isced if firstwave==1, m
replace edugrp=1 if isced<=float(1)
replace edugrp=2 if isced>=float(2) & isced<=float(3)
replace edugrp=3 if isced>=float(4) & isced<=float(6)
bysort mergeid (wave) : replace edugrp= edugrp[1]
cohab : Composite variable from dn014_ and dn044_ in the original demographics files
bysort mergeid (wave) : gen marstat= dn014_[1]
gen dn044 = 0
replace dn044=1 if dn044_==1
gen lagdn044 = 0
bys mergeid (wave): replace lagdn044= dn044[_n-1]
gen lag2dn044 = 0
bys mergeid (wave): replace lag2dn044= dn044[_n-2]
gen lag3dn044 = 0
bys mergeid (wave): replace lag3dn044= dn044[_n-3]
gen marchange=0
replace marchange=1 if dn044==1 | lagdn044==1 | lag2dn044==1 | lag3dn044==1
gen cohab=1 if (marstat==1 | marstat==2) & marchange==0
replace cohab=0 if marstat>2 & marstat<. & marchange==0
replace cohab=1 if marstat>2 & marstat<. & marchange==1
replace cohab=0 if (marstat==1 | marstat==2) & marchange==1
hearloss : Composite variable from ph045_ and ph046_ in the original physical health files
gen hearloss=0 if ph045_!=. & ph046_!=.
replace hearloss=1 if ph045_==1 | ph046_==5
chron : Composite variable from ph011d6 and ph011d2 in the original physical health files
rename ph011d6 txdiab
rename ph011d2 txbp
gen chron=1 if txdiab==1 | txbp==1
replace chron=0 if txdiab==0 & txbp==0
depress : Recode of eurod from the generated health variables files
gen depress=1 if eurod>3 & eurod!=.
replace depress=0 if eurod<=3 & eurod!=.
phactiv : From the generated health variables files
bmi : Recode of bmi2 from the generated health variables files
tab bmi2
recode bmi2 (1/2=1) (3=2) (4=3), gen(bmi)
smoke : Composite variable from br002_ and br001_ in the original risky behaviours files
rename br002_ cusmoke
rename br001_ eversmoke
recode eversmoke (1=1) (5=0)
bys mergeid (wave): replace eversmoke=eversmoke[1]
gen smoke=eversmoke
replace smoke=0 if eversmoke==0 & cusmoke==5
replace smoke=1 if eversmoke==1 & cusmoke==5
replace smoke=2 if cusmoke==1
z_verb : Standardizing of cf010_ variable from the original cognition files
su raw_verb if wave==firstwave
gen z_verb = ((raw_verb - r(mean))/r(sd))
z_imm : Stardardizing of cf008tot variable from the original cognition files and the generated health variables files for wave 4, 5, and 6
su raw_imm if wave==firstwave
gen z_imm = ((raw_imm - r(mean))/r(sd))
z_delay : Standardizing of cf016tot variable from the original cognition files and the generated health variables files for wave 4, 5, and 6
su raw_delay if wave==firstwave
gen z_delay = ((raw_delay-r(mean))/r(sd))
local cog "z_verb z_delay z_imm"
foreach x of local cog {
Base
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int if gender==1, fe i(newid)
est store m_`x'_base
Model 1
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc if gender==1, fe i(newid)
est store m_`x'_m1
Model 2
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke if gender==1, fe i(newid)
est store m_`x'_m2
Random Effects
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke i.country i.edugrp i.cohort if gender==1, re i(newid)
est store m_`x'_re
hausman m_`x'_m2 m_`x'_re
}
local cog "z_verb z_delay z_imm"
foreach x of local cog {
Base
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int if gender==2, fe i(newid)
est store f_`x'_base
Model 1
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc if gender==2, fe i(newid)
est store f_`x'_m1
Model 2
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke if gender==2, fe i(newid)
est store f_`x'_m2
Random Effects
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke i.country i.edugrp i.cohort if gender==2, re i(newid)
est store f_`x'_re
hausman f_`x'_m2 f_`x'_re
}
local cog "z_verb z_delay z_imm"
foreach x of local cog {
Base
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp##i.gender age_int , fe i(newid)
est store p_`x'_base
Model 1
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp##i.gender age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc, fe i(newid)
est store p_`x'_m1
Model 2
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp##i.gender age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke, fe i(newid)
est store p_`x'_m2
Random Effects
xtreg `x' ib2.lowctrlgrp##i.gender age_int i.hidemgrp i.privpubself i.jobsecure i.hourgrp i.quininc cohab hearloss chron depress phactiv i.bmi i.smoke i.country i.edugrp i.cohort, re i(newid)
est store p_`x'_re
hausman p_`x'_m2 p_`x'_re
}