TINKER - Javascript Part II

See repository: https://github.com/jmk2142/TodoMSTU5003
See demonstration: https://jmk2142.github.io/TodoMSTU5003
Tinker Markdown (Prettier): https://hackmd.io/s/SkY3UWsMb

For this week, the actual Markdown file is not available via Github Gists. I have included it within this week's Tinker repository along with the rest of the code. It is called README.md. You might want to IMPORT the markdown into hackmd.io to use that tool (recommended.)

To get access to this code, and the actual Markdown to play with, you can use Github to CLONE the repository using the Github GUI Client. You can get the idea of what repositories are in my Youtube Video:

Github: How to clone my repository

You'll want to start with the video overview: https://youtu.be/QOXhN90d9Mk?list=PLn93-yl6k7zUkSFNI8MQqmIVn017z8vKO

Since you want to copy MY repository, once you have the Github GUI Client installed - you can do so with one click of a button. Just click on the Clone or download option, then Open in Desktop and that will automatically open it up in the Git GUI. (See Below)

Keep in mind that since you are cloning my repository, you will only be able to commit changes to your local computer. You will not be able to sync or push changes to my Github repository - for obvious security reasons. (You wouldn't want just anyone to change YOUR code.)

If you would like to use Github for your work in progress, what you can do is FORK my repository first. (See FORK button under account picture.) This will create a copy of this repository under your account name in Github. You can clone YOUR version of this to your local computer, then commit and push to your account to your heart's content. 😺

Devtools

You will also want to watch this video on the console as we will be using it extensively to Tinker this week.

https://youtu.be/GAqOggzH_GE?list=PLn93-yl6k7zUkSFNI8MQqmIVn017z8vKO

:::success Demonstration and Youtube Video UPDATED

DEBUG REPO: https://github.com/jmk2142/Debugger DEBUG DEMO: https://jmk2142.github.io/Debugger YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/RdF7j4no0Ts :::

Tinker GIST: TODOS

Good bye, "Hello World!"

Hello World is probably the most common introductory program around as it's so simple.

alert("Hello World!");

// Or alternatively...

console.log("Hello World!");

Unfortunately, it's not very useful. It doesn't really show the range of different programming concepts and to be quite frank, it's boring. Many beginners like us are interested in creating interactive applications and this requires a range of programming concepts.

HTML Elements
CSS
Variables
Operators
Functions
Control Statements
Events
Data Structures + Data (e.g. Arrays, Objects, Booleans, Numbers, Strings)

And you really cant get a sense of how these things work together with a 1 line program like Hello World!.

Enter TODOS

Some clever programmer realized this and probably thought:

What's the simplest, real program I can build that will incorporate all the important aspects of a basic interactive program?

And the TODOS or TODO LIST program was born.

The beauty of TODOS is that it has everything in a pretty simple package. It can be solved using a variety of different strategies and can be created to be simpler or more sophsiticated depending on ones needs. It tends to now be the defacto standard for demonstrating a full interactive application.

Beginners AND advanced students alike build TODO apps as they learn new things. For example, our TODOS Tinker is designed to demonstrate the base JS concepts with a few stretch challenges embedded in it. In my regular practice, when I have to learn a new library or framework, I will probably start by viewing an existing TODO app built with that specific library to see how that library works. Sort of like how you might compare a basic HTML page with a Bootstrap page (of the same content) to be able to compare and contrast the two. If you're interested, you can briefly look at this page which is an archive of the TODO application built in various different frameworks.

And this is where I am hoping to take this class, the culmination of all the things we've been working towards - to understanding this first, real, interactive program and hopefully - you can apply some of these concepts in your own works.

Tinker Tasks

In this tinker, were going to:

Review prior concepts in this new context:
- Variables, functions, events, and arrays
Observe, analyze, and study new concepts:
- Control statements (E.g. if, for)
- Logical operators (E.g. ===,&&, ||,<,<=,>,>=, etc.)
- Objects (and array of objects)
Learn how to use more developer tools to study JS code
- Source (i.e. debugger)
- Console (i.e. console.log, console.dir)

We will continue to observe, analyze and think about this program in terms of:

What is the STATE? What is the SEQUENCE? What is the CAUSALITY?

Part 0: Conceptual Program Overview

Play with the program and observe how it reacts to user interactions.

Without talking about it in programming terms explain the user observable steps/process of the following three interactions and how the program responds.
- Adding a todo
- Completing a todo
- Removing a todo(s)
Be specific but imagine you are talking to a non-programmer. Think about this in terms of observable actions and reactions.

User puts toast in the toaster. Sets the length of the timer. Pushes the lever to start the toaster. The toaster pops out the toast after the time is completed and goes "DING".
For each of the interactions above write in pseudocode the steps of how the program for that interaction unfold and results. Pseudocode is semi-formal structure to write out the gist of how your program would work. It uses some keywords but is largely language agnostic. There isn't a single correct way to do it but the following are some rules that can help.
- RULES:
  - One statement per line
  - CAPITALIZE initial keywords
    - READ, WRITE, IF, ELSE, REPEAT, UNTIL, AND, OR
  - Indent to show hierarchy and groups of operation
  - Keep statements language independent
```
# Making toast for a big family
READ loaf of bread
READ slide of loaf
  Put slice in toaster
    WRITE time to toast
    Start the toaster
      Cook the toast
        READ time
        WRITE time by one second less
      REPEAT UNTIL time is zero
  Remove toast
REPEAT for all slices in loaf

# Serving toast
WRITE number of slices total
READ number of family members
READ toastiness
IF toast is burnt AND (total slices >= number of family members)
  throw away toast
  decrement slices total
ELSE
  serve toast to family member
```
Using your pseudocode, identify the function(s) in the actual JS code that relate to your pseudocode.
- Compare and contrast your pseudocode with the actual code.
- Explain what similarities and differences you noticed about the instructions / steps / processes in the code vs. your psuedocode.
Manipulate different parts of the code as you see fit. Why did you decide to manipulate that part? What happened? (More structured tinkering to follow.)

Part 1: Variables, Functions, Arrays, and Events

Explain the data variable.
- What does this data (and the data inside) represent conceptually?
- If I wanted to access the second object, how would I do that in code?
- If I wanted to access the done property of the first object, how would I do that?
Look through the rest of the code where this data array is used. When the user does things, am I manipulating the visual display and updating the data to reflect those changes? Or am I manipulating the data and updating the visual display to reflect those changes?
- Is this what you would have thought of?
- What might be the significance of this program design decision?

What do these lines in my code do?

var todosEl = document.querySelector('#todos');
var inputEl = document.querySelector('input');
var completedEl = document.querySelector('#counter');

Why declare these (see above) variables at the Global scope instead of in the functions?
- Or not at all... (E.g. document.querySelector('#todos');)
The toggleComplete function has an event parameter. Inside the function I access event.currentTarget. What is the difference between event.currentTarget and event.target which we used previously?
- Hint 1: You can add a console.log(event) etc. inside that function to test the value of event.target and event.currentTarget.
- Hint 2: When testing, click on a todo to "complete" it. Click on two areas: the li as well as the i (font icon) element to see the differences.
- Hint 3: You can pass multiple arguments to console.log(). I often pass two: first a string label, second the thing I want to log. This will basically make the logs easier to identify if you use console.log() a lot.
```
console.log("SOME LABEL: ", dataToLog);
```
In the toggleComplete function, there is a event.currentTarget.id. Is that id the same thing as the id property in my todo objects in the data array?
- Explain.
What does !something mean? (The exclamation mark) and how is it used in this code when we toggleComplete?
Try calling some of the functions directly from the console. Some will work. Some won't.
- Explain what you find.
Look at the function declarations in the todos.js file.
- Where is each function being called?
- When is each function, actually called?
- What parameter(s) does that function have?
- What is the argument that is passed into the function when it is called?
Use the console (in Chrome devtools) to console.log() and console.dir() the following. What is the difference between console.log and console.dir and why is console.dir kind of more useful for looking at some kinds of data?
```
console.log(data);
console.log(todosEl);

console.dir(data);
console.dir(todosEl);
```

Part 2: Objects and Arrays of Objects

Manipulate the different properties of the objects inside the data array.
- Change all todo objects' done property to true.
- Change some of the task values.
- Run your code and explain how this changes what you see and why.
console.dir() the data array. Goto the console and OPEN the > Array(3) text by clicking on it. Go deeper by opening up the nested objects. Analyze what you see. Then add a new todo through the user interface. console.dir() the data array again and investigate the insides.
- What is the difference between data before and after adding a new todo?
Run the following code:
```
data.push({
  done: true,
  task: "Goto Aikido Lessons",
  id: getTimeStamp()
});
console.dir(data);
```
- What did the code above do?
- Does our page reflect the changes made? Why or why not? Prove it.
- Does order matter in Objects?

What is the difference between Object keys (E.g. done, task, id) and Array indices (E.g. 0, 1, 2)?

How are they similar?

var myAry = [123, "Code", true];
var myObj = {
  id: 123,
  task: "Code",
  done: true
}
console.log(myAry[1]);
console.log(myObj["task"]);
console.log(myObj.task);

Compare the following in the console:

var element = document.querySelector('ul');
var author = { first: "Mark", last: "Twain" }

var example = {
  theAnswer: 42,
  student: true,
  hobby: "Fishing",
  sayHello: function(){
    alert("Hello");
  },
  favNums: [1,2,3],
  favAuthor: author
};

console.dir(example);
console.dir(el);

What is an element really?
How does our element relate in terms of similarities and differences to example?
If I wanted to call the function in the example object, how would I do that? Prove it.

Try the following code in the console. How does dot notation and bracket notation differ and why would you want to use one or the other?

var x = "username";
var user = {
  username: "happyCat"
}
console.log(user.username);
console.log(user["username"]);
console.log(user[x]);
console.log(user.x);

Identify various areas where the . object notation is used and explain the thing on the left side of the . and the thing on the right side of the .
- E.g. document.querySelector() document is... querySelector is...
- HINT: There are MANY choices here.
In two areas of my code, I use what is called a filter function. It's a function that arrays can use like list.pop(), list.push().
- How does a filter function work?
- What is the significance of the function argument that is passed INTO the filter parameters?
- With regard to the function that is passed into the filter as an argument, that function must return a boolean or evaluate to a boolean. What is the purpose of this?
- What does the filter function return? E.g. var x = list.filter(...); // What was returned to x?
  - CAUTION: NOT the function argument that goes into the filter.
  - HINT: If you don't know, can you use console to "test" an idea out?
- Does filtering an array change the original array?

Part 3 Control Structures

I use the if statement in several places in this code. Explain why a conditional is necessary in:
- updateTodoItems
- updateRemoveButton
- onEnterKey
- validateTask
- addTodoItem
- getTodoData
- HINT: You might want to console.log the boolean condition where you see the if statements to understand what condition we are evaluating.
```
if (booleanCondition) {
  ...
}
console.log(booleanCondition);
```
- Comment on how the boolean condition works as there are many different examples.
In this code, there are two kinds of for loops. The more traditional that looks like:
```
for (var i=0; i < list.length; i++) {
  // CODE
}
```
and a for of loop that looks like:
```
for (item of list) {
  // CODE
}
```
- How does a for of loop work?
  - What does the item represent? (It can be named anything: x, item, thing etc.)
- Why are for of loops convenient compared to the traditional for?
- For what purpose(s) do I employ a for or for of loop in this program?
- On Facebook or Pinterest, or Twitter, how does a loop through data relate to the display of content?

Part 3 Specific Routines

Take a look at the updateTodoItems. Comment it out and replace it with this alternate, but functionally identical version. How does this function work and how do they relate / differ?

function updateTodoItems() {
  todosEl.innerHTML = "";

  if (!data.length) {
    var liElement = document.createElement('li');
    liElement.textContent = "Nothing todo...";
    todosEl.appendChild(liElement);
  } else {

    for (todo of data) {
      var liElement = document.createElement('li');
      var iElement = document.createElement('i');

      liElement.id = todo.id;
      liElement.onclick = toggleComplete;

      if (todo.done) {
        liElement.className = "complete";
        iElement.className = "fa fa-check-circle-o";
      } else {
        iElement.className = "fa fa-circle-o";
      }

			liElement.innerHTML = todo.task;
			liElement.prepend(iElement);

      todosEl.appendChild(liElement);
    }
  }

  updateRemoveBtn();
}

Take a look at the helper function getTimeStamp. This function will return a number, in milliseconds, the current time stamp since January 1, 1970.
- I call this when I create new todo items, what are some ideas as to why I might be using a timestamp for todo ids?
Take a look at the incomplete functions markAllComplete and updateItemsLeft.
- Can you complete these and add the functionality to this app?

Part 4 Debugging, Tools

Using the Chrome debugger (source) tool create breakpoints and watch the program execute line by line, part by part. Experience how this tool can give you insight into your program's STATE, SEQUENCE, CAUSALITY.

Chrome Debugger

Set breakpoints at the following locations of your program
- function initializeTodos
- function onEnterKey
- function addTodoItem
- function toggleComplete
Use the Step over the next function call feature to watch how the program pauses during the SEQUENCE of its routines.
Use the Step into the next function call feature to watch how the program pauses during the SEQUENCE of its routines.
- What is the difference between Step over and Step into and how does this help you understand programs?
Use Step into until you've reached the line var inputEl = document.querySelector('input');. Should be highlighted in blue.
- Highlight the variable todosEl on the line before it and right click on it. Select Evaluate in console.
  - What does the console print?
- Highlight the variable inputEl on this highlighted blue line.
  - Why does the console say inputEl is undefined?
  - When you step through your code, does the blue line represent code that is about to be executed or code that has already executed? How do you know?
  - What do you predict would be the console value of the variable completedEl on the next line if you Evaluate to console at this point?
Watch how debugger annotates your source code with the updated state of different variables as your program progresses.
- How does the debugger behave when you enter a loop in your program?
- How does the debugger behave when you reach the a filter function call?
- What does filter do and how does it work?

Part X: Putting all together

Explain the program line by line with sufficient details, part by part. :::success

Line by line
- Part by part
Be sure to copy blocks of code into this markdown using code formatting/fences as references to your explanations.
For repetitive code, you can explain how a line works then summarize how it would work for the rest. ::: Make it yours (group's) :::success
Try to extend this program to do something cool, as a group, your own original idea(s).
- What is something that a Todo list or todo list user might benefit from? :::

BetsyMinton/TodoMSTU5003