/stardist

StarDist - Object Detection with Star-convex Shapes

Primary LanguagePythonBSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" LicenseBSD-3-Clause

PyPI version Test Test (PyPI) Image.sc forum

StarDist - Object Detection with Star-convex Shapes

This repository contains the Python implementation of star-convex object detection for 2D and 3D images, as described in the papers:

Please cite the paper(s) if you are using this code in your research.

Overview

The following figure illustrates the general approach for 2D images. The training data consists of corresponding pairs of input (i.e. raw) images and fully annotated label images (i.e. every pixel is labeled with a unique object id or 0 for background). A model is trained to densely predict the distances (r) to the object boundary along a fixed set of rays and object probabilities (d), which together produce an overcomplete set of candidate polygons for a given input image. The final result is obtained via non-maximum suppression (NMS) of these candidates.

The approach for 3D volumes is similar to the one described for 2D, using pairs of input and fully annotated label volumes as training data.

Webinar/Tutorial

If you want to know more about the concepts and practical applications of StarDist, please have a look at the following webinar that was given at NEUBIAS Academy @Home 2020:

webinar video

Installation

This package is compatible with Python 3.6 - 3.9.

If you only want to use a StarDist plugin for a GUI-based software, please read this.

  1. Please first install TensorFlow (either TensorFlow 1 or 2) by following the official instructions. For GPU support, it is very important to install the specific versions of CUDA and cuDNN that are compatible with the respective version of TensorFlow. (If you need help and can use conda, take a look at this.)

  2. StarDist can then be installed with pip:

    • If you installed TensorFlow 2 (version 2.x.x):

      pip install stardist

    • If you installed TensorFlow 1 (version 1.x.x):

      pip install "stardist[tf1]"

Notes

  • Depending on your Python installation, you may need to use pip3 instead of pip.
  • You can find out which version of TensorFlow is installed via pip show tensorflow.
  • We provide pre-compiled binaries ("wheels") that should work for most Linux and Windows platforms, and also recent versions of macOS (Catalina/10.15 or later). If you're having problems, please see the troubleshooting section below.
  • (Optional) You need to install gputools if you want to use OpenCL-based computations on the GPU to speed up training.
  • (Optional) You might experience improved performance during training if you additionally install the Multi-Label Anisotropic 3D Euclidean Distance Transform (MLAEDT-3D).

Usage

We provide example workflows for 2D and 3D via Jupyter notebooks that illustrate how this package can be used.

Pretrained Models for 2D

Currently we provide some pretrained models in 2D that might already be suitable for your images:

key Modality (Staining) Image format Example Image Description
2D_versatile_fluo 2D_paper_dsb2018 Fluorescence (nuclear marker) 2D single channel Versatile (fluorescent nuclei) and DSB 2018 (from StarDist 2D paper) that were both trained on a subset of the DSB 2018 nuclei segmentation challenge dataset.
2D_versatile_he Brightfield (H&E) 2D RGB Versatile (H&E nuclei) that was trained on images from the MoNuSeg 2018 training data and the TNBC dataset from Naylor et al. (2018).

You can access these pretrained models from stardist.models.StarDist2D

from stardist.models import StarDist2D 

# prints a list of available models 
StarDist2D.from_pretrained() 

# creates a pretrained model
model = StarDist2D.from_pretrained('2D_versatile_fluo')

And then try it out with a test image:

from stardist.data import test_image_nuclei_2d
from stardist.plot import render_label
from csbdeep.utils import normalize
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

img = test_image_nuclei_2d() 

labels, _ = model.predict_instances(normalize(img))

plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.imshow(img, cmap="gray")
plt.axis("off")
plt.title("input image")

plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.imshow(render_label(labels, img=img))
plt.axis("off")
plt.title("prediction + input overlay")

Annotating Images

To train a StarDist model you will need some ground-truth annotations: for every raw training image there has to be a corresponding label image where all pixels of a cell region are labeled with a distinct integer (and background pixels are labeled with 0). To create such annotations in 2D, there are several options, among them being Fiji, Labkit, or QuPath. In 3D, there are fewer options: Labkit and Paintera (the latter being very sophisticated but having a steeper learning curve).

Although each of these provide decent annotation tools, we currently recommend using Labkit (for 2D or 3D images) or QuPath (for 2D):

Annotating with LabKit (2D or 3D)

  1. Install Fiji and the Labkit plugin
  2. Open the (2D or 3D) image and start Labkit via Plugins > Segmentation > Labkit
  3. Successively add a new label and annotate a single cell instance with the brush tool (always check the override option) until all cells are labeled
  4. Export the label image via Save Labeling... and File format > TIF Image

Additional tips:

  • The Labkit viewer uses BigDataViewer and its keybindings (e.g. s for contrast options, CTRL+Shift+mouse-wheel for zoom-in/out etc.)
  • For 3D images (XYZ) it is best to first convert it to a (XYT) timeseries (via Re-Order Hyperstack and swapping z and t) and then use [ and ] in Labkit to walk through the slices.

Annotating with QuPath (2D)

  1. Install QuPath
  2. Create a new project (File -> Project...-> Create project) and add your raw images
  3. Annotate nuclei/objects
  4. Run this script to export the annotations (save the script and drag it on QuPath. Then execute it with Run for project). The script will create a ground_truth folder within your QuPath project that includes both the images and masks subfolder that then can directly be used with StarDist.

To see how this could be done, have a look at the following example QuPath project (data courtesy of Romain Guiet, EPFL).

Multi-class Prediction

StarDist also supports multi-class prediction, i.e. each found object instance can additionally be classified into a fixed number of discrete object classes (e.g. cell types):

Please see the multi-class example notebook if you're interested in this.

Troubleshooting & Support

  1. Please first take a look at the frequently asked questions (FAQ).
  2. If you need further help, please go to the image.sc forum and try to find out if the issue you're having has already been discussed or solved by other people. If not, feel free to create a new topic there and make sure to use the tag stardist (we are monitoring all questions with this tag).
  3. If you have a technical question related to the source code or believe to have found a bug, feel free to open an issue, but please check first if someone already created a similar issue.

Installation

If pip install stardist fails, it could be because there are no compatible wheels (.whl) for your platform (see list). In this case, pip tries to compile a C++ extension that our Python package relies on (see below). While this often works on Linux out of the box, it will likely fail on Windows and macOS without installing a suitable compiler. (Note that you can enforce compilation by installing via pip install stardist --no-binary :stardist:.)

Installation without using wheels requires Python 3.6 (or newer) and a working C++ compiler. We have only tested GCC (macOS, Linux), Clang (macOS), and Visual Studio (Windows 10). Please open an issue if you have problems that are not resolved by the information below.

If available, the C++ code will make use of OpenMP to exploit multiple CPU cores for substantially reduced runtime on modern CPUs. This can be important to prevent slow model training.

macOS

The default Apple C/C++ compiler (clang) does not come with OpenMP support and the package build will likely fail. To properly build stardist you need to install an OpenMP-enabled GCC compiler, e.g. via Homebrew with brew install gcc (e.g. installing gcc-10/g++-10 or newer). After that, you can build the package like this (adjust compiler names/paths as necessary):

CC=gcc-10 CXX=g++-10 pip install stardist

If you use conda on macOS and after import stardist see errors similar to the following:

Symbol not found: _GOMP_loop_nonmonotonic_dynamic_next

please see this issue for a temporary workaround.

Apple M1

For installation of tensorflow and stardist on Apple M1 architecture, please see this excellent post by Peter Sobolewski.

Windows

Please install the Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019 from Microsoft to compile extensions for Python 3.6 and newer (see this for further information). During installation, make sure to select the C++ build tools. Note that the compiler comes with OpenMP support.

Plugins for other software

ImageJ/Fiji

We currently provide a ImageJ/Fiji plugin that can be used to run pretrained StarDist models on 2D or 2D+time images. Installation and usage instructions can be found at the plugin page.

Napari

We made a plugin for the Python-based multi-dimensional image viewer napari. It directly uses the StarDist Python package and works for 2D and 3D images. Please see the code repository for further details.

QuPath

Inspired by the Fiji plugin, Pete Bankhead made a custom implementation of StarDist 2D for QuPath to use pretrained models. Please see this page for documentation and installation instructions.

Icy

Based on the Fiji plugin, Deborah Schmidt made a StarDist 2D plugin for Icy to use pretrained models. Please see the code repository for further details.

KNIME

Stefan Helfrich has modified the Fiji plugin to be compatible with KNIME. Please see this page for further details.

How to cite

@inproceedings{schmidt2018,
  author    = {Uwe Schmidt and Martin Weigert and Coleman Broaddus and Gene Myers},
  title     = {Cell Detection with Star-Convex Polygons},
  booktitle = {Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention - {MICCAI} 
  2018 - 21st International Conference, Granada, Spain, September 16-20, 2018, Proceedings, Part {II}},
  pages     = {265--273},
  year      = {2018},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-00934-2_30}
}

@inproceedings{weigert2020,
  author    = {Martin Weigert and Uwe Schmidt and Robert Haase and Ko Sugawara and Gene Myers},
  title     = {Star-convex Polyhedra for 3D Object Detection and Segmentation in Microscopy},
  booktitle = {The IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)},
  month     = {March},
  year      = {2020},
  doi       = {10.1109/WACV45572.2020.9093435}
}