Data Migrate

Run data migrations alongside schema migrations.

Why should I use this?

Its seems when a project hits a certain size, I get to manipulate data outside the application itself. Changing defaults, new validations, one-to-one to one-to-many... I found it a pain and dodgy to have to step up migrations one by one, run a ruby script of some sort, then resume migrations. It tanks a lot of the automation of deploy.

If you don't use the one off scripts, you could do it as a regular migration. It'd be much better to keep concerns separate. The benefit of having them separate has to do with your data model.

For instance, lets take an absurd example, to illustrate: You have a blog application that has posts with many comments. After some use, you decide you are going to be a trend setter, and want only one comment per post, and just the text.

Given that you:

write a migration to add a comment column to Post
write a migration to move the contents of the first comments to the Post
drop the column_id column from Post
drop the Comment model
fix all your tests

You've just got bit. When you rake setup:development, the mess gets mad at you after it creates your database, and starts cranking through migrations. It gets to the part where you iterate over the comments and it blows up. You don't have a Comment model anymore for it to even try and get 'all' from. You think you are smarter, and wrap the ActiveRecord call in a conditional based on the environment.

That's fine until you get that QA gal, and she wants her own thing. Then the UI people get tired of waiting for the full stack to load on page refreshes, so you have to edit past migrations...

With Data Migrate, you have the control. You can generate your migrations as schema or data as you would as your work flow. For setting tasks that don't require any intermediate AR activity, like dev and test, you stick with db:migrate. For production and QA, you change their scripts to db:migrate:with_data. Of course you want to test your migration, so you have the choice of db:migrate:with_data or data:migrate to just capture that data change.

What does it do?

Data migrations are stored in db/data. They act like schema migrations, except they should be reserved for data migrations. For instance, if you realize you need to titleize all yours titles, this is the place to do it. Running any of the provided rake tasks also creates a data schema table to mirror the usual schema migrations table to track all the goodness.

Rails Support

Support Rails 4.2 through 5.2

Important notes for older versions

v2

If you upgraded to Rails 4 while using data_migrate prior to version 2, the gem wrote data migration versions into schema_migrations table. After the fix, it was corrected to write into data_migrations.

If you need to use these old migrations, add the following configuration

It is recommended to move all legacy migrations from schema_migrations table into data_migrations table

This may cause some unintended consequences. See #22

v1

If you've installed previous to v1.1.0, you'll want to delete the create_data_migrations_table migration.

Installation

Add the gem to your project

# Gemfile
gem 'data_migrate'

Then bundle install and you are ready to go.

So you know, when you use one of the provide rake tasks, a table called data_migrations will be created in your database. This is to mirror the way the standard db rake tasks work.

Usage

Generating Migrations

You can generate a data migration as you would a schema migration:

rails g data_migration add_this_to_that

Rake Tasks

$> rake -T data
rake data:dump                    # Create a db/data_schema.rb file that stores the current data version
rake data:forward                 # Pushes the schema to the next version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)
rake data:migrate                 # Migrate data migrations (options: VERSION=x, VERBOSE=false)
rake data:migrate:down            # Runs the "down" for a given migration VERSION
rake data:migrate:redo            # Rollbacks the database one migration and re migrate up (options: STEP=x, VERSION=x)
rake data:migrate:status          # Display status of data migrations
rake data:migrate:up              # Runs the "up" for a given migration VERSION
rake data:rollback                # Rolls the schema back to the previous version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)
rake data:version                 # Retrieves the current schema version number for data migrations
rake db:forward:with_data         # Pushes the schema to the next version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)
rake db:migrate:down:with_data    # Runs the "down" for a given migration VERSION
rake db:migrate:redo:with_data    # Rollbacks the database one migration and re migrate up (options: STEP=x, VERSION=x)
rake db:migrate:status:with_data  # Display status of data and schema migrations
rake db:migrate:up:with_data      # Runs the "up" for a given migration VERSION
rake db:migrate:with_data         # Migrate the database data and schema (options: VERSION=x, VERBOSE=false)
rake db:rollback:with_data        # Rolls the schema back to the previous version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)
rake db:schema:load:with_data     # Load both schema.rb and data_schema.rb file into the database
rake db:version:with_data         # Retrieves the current schema version numbers for data and schema migrations

Tasks work as they would with the 'vanilla' db version. The 'with_data' addition to the 'db' tasks will run the task in the context of both the data and schema migrations. That is, rake db:rollback:with_data will check to see if it was a schema or data migration invoked last, and do that. Tasks invoked in that space also have an additional line of output, indicating if the action is performed on data or schema.

With 'up' and 'down', you can specify the option 'BOTH', which defaults to false. Using true, will migrate both the data and schema (in the desired direction) if they both match the version provided. Again, going up, schema is given precedence. Down its data.

rake db:migrate:status:with_data provides and additional column to indicate which type of migration.

Configuration

data_migrate respects ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration. If it is set to false, data schema file will not be generated

Capistrano Support

The gem comes with a capistrano task that can be used instead of capistrano/rails/migrations.

Just add this line to your Capfile:

require 'capistrano/data_migrate'

From now on capistrano will run rake db:migrate:with_data in every deploy.

Contributing

Testing

Run tests for a specific version of Rails

bundle exec appraisal install
bundle exec appraisal rails-4.2 rspec
bundle exec appraisal rails-5.0 rspec

Thanks

Andrew J Vargo Andrew was the original creator and maintainer of this project!

Jeremy Durham for fleshing out the idea with me, and providing guidance.

You! Yes, you. Thanks for checking it out.

CodingZeal/data-migrate