The unit-e client is the first implementation for the Unit-e cryptocurrency network protocol, implemented in C++.
Unit-e is providing a scalable and decentralized monetary and payment network based on current scientific research. It is the first project supported by the Distributed Technology Research Foundation (DTR). Its design is backed by the research DTR is funding, delivering the scalable performance needed to enter mainstream use. You can find more information about the project on the website and in the technical paper.
This repository hosts the implementation of the first Unit-e client: unit-e,
also known as the "Feuerland" client. It's based on the Bitcoin C++
client and introduces major improvements
and features such as:
- Replace Proof of Work (PoW) with Esperanza Proof of Stake (PoS). Unlike most blockchain projects, that's a complete rewrite of the consensus, leaving no trace of PoW while keeping the UTXO model and other areas (blockchain, p2p, wallet) functioning, potentially benefiting from future upstream improvements. In order to make it happen, we decoupled the layers and features to components with dependency injection following software design best practices. Allowing good testability and being able to do future modifications with confidence, including changes in the complex consensus layer
- Finality is enabled by finalizer nodes, voting every epoch (currently 50 blocks), with advanced on-chain lifecycle (deposit, vote, slash, withdraw) on top of UTXO, using custom advanced scripts. Security is maintained through financial incentives, including availability requirement and slashing for misbehavior. Finality is essential for monetary applications, it mitigates against the major security issues of PoS (long-range, history revision, nothing-at-stake) and provides important scalability features such as pruning and fast-sync which otherwise wouldn't be possible in a fork-based PoS protocol
- Staking wallet with remote staking support, activated by default, lightweight and without a minimum stake, allowing large participation rate and potential scale
- Enhanced fork-choice rule by the best-finalized chain
- Malleability protection through native SegWit support
- Reduced bandwidth, storage, and time to sync of initial blockchain download by UTXO snapshots
- Enhanced privacy through Dandelion Lite
- Canonical transactions ordering, eliminating the need to send sorting metadata with each block, providing faster propagation and potential scability features as multi core validation
- Optimized block propagation through a hybrid set reconciliation protocol of compact blocks and Graphene
- Hardware wallet support, including remote staking
We regularly merge upstream changes into the unit-e code base and also strive to contribute back changes which are relevant for upstream as we already have done. The last upstream sync was with the 0.17 version, plus some changes cherry-picked from later development branches.
With the launch of the alpha testnet we will start a regular cadence of releases. The goals of opening the project and network are to further develop the protocol, client and community:
- The protocol isn't complete and will be further developed with breaking changes in order to reach our security & scalability goals (you can read about it more in the design paper).
- Areas such as crypto-economics and coin emission rate, need to be well understood, fair and flexible - we're planning to use the testnet in order to figure out important aspects such as the level of stake required to keep the system secured and how should influence the emission rate.
- We're opening our code repository to the blockchain and open-source community. We aspire to develop a community of active participants.
The current emission rate is fixed over time and isn't meant to be definitive, as we are still exploring the emission model from the economics & security perspectives, which goes side by side with the consensus protocol that is going to be further developed.
We plan to explore models with dynamic emission rate, where the network pays for the security it needs. In PoS consensus, taking into account the number of tokens being deposited/staked seems like the right direction.
As was also researched, time-based emission, starting very high and decreasing over the years (in Bitcoin halving every four years), isn't securing the protocol efficiently nor is it fair in terms of compounding and the future currency distribution.
To run unit-e from sources you will need to check it out from this GitHub repository, compile it, and launch the resulting binary. This currently is the only supported way of running it. Detailed instructions for a variety of platforms can be found in the docs directory.
Development takes place on the master branch. All code changes go through
peer-reviewed and tested pull requests. We aim for meeting high standards as an
open source project and a collaborative community project. The contribution
workflow is described in CONTRIBUTING.md.
The Unit-e team is committed to fostering a welcoming and harassment-free environment. All participants are expected to adhere to our code of conduct.
We strive to keep the unit-e codebase fully tested and covered by automated tests.
Unit tests can be compiled and run with: make check. Further details on
running and extending unit tests can be found in
src/test/README.md.
There are also functional tests, including regression and integration
tests. They are written in Python and most of them are also run as part of
automated continuous integration. These tests can be run locally with
test/functional/test_runner.py.
Unit and functional tests are run on Travis as part of our continuous integration system. This tests the master branch and all pull requests. It makes sure that code is checked, built and tested for Windows, Linux, and OS X automatically before it gets merged into master.
Any additional testing, automated or manual, is very welcome. If you encounter any issues or run into bugs please report them as issues.
unit-e is released under the terms of the MIT license. See COPYING for more information or see https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.