/dsa.js-data-structures-algorithms-javascript

Data Structures and Algorithms explained and implemented in JavaScript

Primary LanguageJavaScriptMIT LicenseMIT

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Data Structures and Algorithms in JavaScript

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This is the coding implementations of the DSA.js book and the repo for the NPM package.

In this repository, you can find the implementation of algorithms and data structures in JavaScript. This material can be used as a reference manual for developers, or you can refresh specific topics before an interview. Also, you can find ideas to solve problems more efficiently.

Interactive Data Structures

Table of Contents

Installation

You can clone the repo or install the code from NPM:

npm install dsa.js

and then you can import it into your programs or CLI

const { LinkedList, Queue, Stack } = require('dsa.js');

For a full list of all the exposed data structures and algorithms see.

Features

Algorithms are an essential toolbox for every programmer.

You usually need algorithms when you have to sort data, search for a value, transform data, scale your code to many users, to name a few. Algorithms are just the step you follow to solve a problem while data structures are where you store the data for later manipulation. Both combined create programs.

Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs.

Most programming languages and libraries indeed provide implementations for basic data structures and algorithms. However, to make use of data structures properly, you have to know the tradeoffs so you can choose the best tool for the job.

This material is going to teach you to:

  • 🛠 Apply strategies to tackle algorithm questions. Never to get stuck again. Ace those interviews!
  • ✂️ Construct efficient algorithms. Learn how to break down problems in manageable pieces.
  • 🧠 Improve your problem-solving skills and become a stronger developer by understanding fundamental computer science concepts.
  • 🤓 Cover essential topics, such as big O time, data structures, and must-know algorithms. Implement 10+ data structures from scratch.

What's Inside

All the code and explanations are available on this repo. You can dig through the links and code examples from the (src folder). However, the inline code examples are not expanded (because of Github's asciidoc limitations), but you can follow the path and see the implementation.

Note: If you prefer to consume the information more linearly then the book format would be more appropriate for you.

The topics are divided into four main categories as you can see below:

(You can click on the triangle ⯈ to expand the topics)

Computer Science nuggets without all the mumbo-jumbo

Learn to calculate run time from code examples

Translating lines of code to an approximate number of operations


Learn how to compare algorithms using Big O notation.

Comparing algorithms using Big O notation

Let's say you want to find the duplicates on an array. Using Big O notation, we can compare different implementations that do the same but they take different time to complete.


8 examples to explain with code how to calculate time complexity

8 examples to explain with code how to calculate time complexity

Most common time complexities

image

Time complexity graph

Most common time complexities


Understand the ins and outs of the most common data structures.

When to use an Array or Linked List. Know the tradeoffs.

Use Arrays when…

  • You need to access data in random order fast (using an index).
  • Your data is multi-dimensional (e.g., matrix, tensor).
  • when there is a limit on memory as the requirement of memory is less due to actual data being stored within the index in the array.

Use Linked Lists when:

  • You will access your data sequentially.
  • You want to save memory and only allocate memory as you need it.
  • You want constant time to remove/add from extremes of the list.
  • when size requirement is unknown - dynamic size advantage

Build a List, Stack, and a Queue.

Build any of these data structures from scratch:


Understand one of the most versatile data structure of all: Maps

Learn how to implement different types of Maps such as:

Also, learn the difference between the different Maps implementations:

  • HashMap is more time-efficient. A TreeMap is more space-efficient.
  • TreeMap search complexity is O(log n), while an optimized HashMap is O(1) on average.
  • HashMap’s keys are in insertion order (or random depending on the implementation). TreeMap’s keys are always sorted.
  • TreeMap offers some statistical data for free such as: get minimum, get maximum, median, find ranges of keys. HashMap doesn’t.
  • TreeMap has a guarantee always an O(log n), while HashMaps has an amortized time of O(1) but in the rare case of a rehash, it would take an O(n).

Know the properties of Graphs and Trees.

Know all the graphs properties with many images and illustrations.

graph example with USA airports

Graphs: data nodes that can have a connection or edge to zero or more adjacent nodes. Unlike trees, nodes can have multiple parents, loops. Code | Graph Time Complexity

Learn all the different kinds of trees and their properties.

tree data structure properties

  • Trees: data nodes has zero or more adjacent nodes a.k.a. children. Each node can only have one parent node otherwise is a graph not a tree. Code | Docs


Implement a binary search tree for fast lookups.

From unbalanced BST to balanced BST

1                           2
  \                       /   \
   2        =>           1     3
    \
     3

Never get stuck solving a problem with 7 simple steps
  1. Understand the problem
  2. Build a simple example (no edge cases yet)
  3. Brainstorm solutions (greedy algorithm, Divide and Conquer, Backtracking, brute force)
  4. Test your answer on the simple example (mentally)
  5. Optimize the solution
  6. Write Code, yes, now you can code.
  7. Test your written code
  8. Analyse the complexity, both space and time and make sure to optimise further.

Full details here


Master the most popular sorting algorithms (merge sort, quicksort, insertion sort, etc.)

We are going to explore three essential sorting algorithms O(n^2), which have low overhead:

and then discuss efficient sorting algorithms O(n log n) such as:


Learn different approaches to solve problems such as divide and conquer, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and backtracking.

We are going to discuss the following techniques for solving algorithms problems:

  • Greedy Algorithms: makes greedy choices using heuristics to find the best solution without looking back.
  • Dynamic Programming: a technique for speeding up recursive algorithms when there are many overlapping subproblems. It uses memoization to avoid duplicating work.
  • Divide and Conquer: divide problems into smaller pieces, conquer each subproblem and then join the results.
  • Backtracking: search all (or some) possible paths. However, it stops and go back as soon as notice the current solution is not working.
  • Brute Force: generate all possible solutions and tries all of them. (Use it as a last resort or as the starting point).

FAQ

How would I apply these to my day-to-day work?

As a programmer, we have to solve problems every day. If you want to solve problems well, then it's good to know about a broad range of solutions. A lot of times, it's more efficient to learn existing resources than stumble upon the answer yourself. The more tools and practice you have, the better. This book helps you understand the tradeoffs among data structures and reason about algorithms performance.

Why you created this repo/book?

There are not many books about Algorithms in JavaScript. This material fills the gap. Also, it's good practice :)

Is there anyone I can contact if I have questions about something in particular?

Yes, open an issue or ask questions on the [slack channel](https://dsajs-slackin.herokuapp.com).

Book

This project is also available in a book. You will get a nicely formatted PDF with 180+ pages + ePub and Mobi version.

dsa.js book

Support

Reach out to me at one of the following places!

License

License