HimanshuChittora23908/hardhat-starter-kit-tutorial

• Chainlink Hardhat Starter Kit
• Getting Started
  • Requirements
  • Quickstart
    • Typescript
• Usage
  • Deploying Contracts
  • Run a Local Network
  • Using a Testnet or Live Network (like Mainnet or Polygon)
    • Goerli Ethereum Testnet Setup
  • Forking
  • Auto-Funding
• Test
• Interacting with Deployed Contracts
  • Chainlink Price Feeds
  • Request & Receive Data
  • VRF Get a random number
  • Keepers
  • Verify on Etherscan
• View Contracts Size
• Linting
• Code Formatting
• Estimating Gas
• Code Coverage
• Fuzzing
• Contributing
• Thank You!
  • Resources

Chainlink Hardhat Starter Kit

Implementation of the following 4 Chainlink features using the Hardhat development environment:

• Chainlink Price Feeds
• Chainlink VRF
• Chainlink Keepers
• Request & Receive data

Getting Started

It's recommended that you've gone through the hardhat getting started documentation before proceeding here.

Requirements

• git
  • You'll know you did it right if you can run git --version and you see a response like git version x.x.x
• Nodejs
  • You'll know you've installed nodejs right if you can run:
    • node --versionand get an output like: vx.x.x
• Yarn instead of npm
  • You'll know you've installed yarn right if you can run:
    • yarn --version And get an output like: x.x.x
    • You might need to install it with npm

If you're familiar with npx and npm instead of yarn, you can use npx for execution and npm for installing dependencies.

Quickstart

1. Clone and install dependencies

After installing all the requirements, run the following:

git clone https://github.com/smartcontractkit/hardhat-starter-kit/
cd hardhat-starter-kit

Then:

npm install

The recommendation is to use npm 7 or later. If you are using an older version of npm, you'll also need to install all the packages used by the toolbox.

npm install --save-dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan chai ethers hardhat-gas-reporter solidity-coverage @typechain/hardhat typechain @typechain/ethers-v5 @ethersproject/abi @ethersproject/providers

That's also the case if you are using yarn.

yarn add --dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan chai ethers hardhat-gas-reporter solidity-coverage @typechain/hardhat typechain @typechain/ethers-v5 @ethersproject/abi @ethersproject/providers

2. You can now do stuff!

npx hardhat test

or

npm run test

or

yarn test

Typescript

To use typescript, run:

git checkout typescript
npm install

Usage

If you run npx hardhat --help you'll get an output of all the tasks you can run.

Deploying Contracts

npm run deploy

This will deploy your contracts to a local network. Additionally, if on a local network, it will deploy mock Chainlink contracts for you to interact with. If you'd like to interact with your deployed contracts, skip down to Interacting with Deployed Contracts.

Run a Local Network

One of the best ways to test and interact with smart contracts is with a local network. To run a local network with all your contracts in it, run the following:

npx hardhat node

You'll get a local blockchain, private keys, contracts deployed (from the deployment folder scripts), and an endpoint to potentially add to an EVM wallet.

Using a Testnet or Live Network (like Mainnet or Polygon)

In your hardhat.config.js you'll see section like:

module.exports = {
  defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
  networks: {

This section of the file is where you define which networks you want to interact with. You can read more about that whole file in the hardhat documentation.

To interact with a live or test network, you'll need:

1. An rpc URL
2. A Private Key
3. ETH & LINK token (either testnet or real)

Let's look at an example of setting these up using the Goerli testnet.

Goerli Ethereum Testnet Setup

First, we will need to set environment variables. We can do so by setting them in our .env file (create it if it's not there). You can also read more about environment variables from the linked twilio blog. You'll find a sample of what this file will look like in .env.example

IMPORTANT: MAKE SURE YOU'D DON'T EXPOSE THE KEYS YOU PUT IN THIS .env FILE. By that, I mean don't push them to a public repo, and please try to keep them keys you use in development not associated with any real funds.

1. Set your GOERLI_RPC_URL environment variable.

You can get one for free from Alchemy, Infura, or Moralis. This is your connection to the blockchain.

2. Set your PRIVATE_KEY environment variable.

This is your private key from your wallet, ie MetaMask. This is needed for deploying contracts to public networks. You can optionally set your MNEMONIC environment variable instead with some changes to the hardhat.config.js.

WARNING

When developing, it's best practice to use a Metamask that isn't associated with any real money. A good way to do this is to make a new browser profile (on Chrome, Brave, Firefox, etc) and install Metamask on that browser, and never send this wallet money.

Don't commit and push any changes to .env files that may contain sensitive information, such as a private key! If this information reaches a public GitHub repository, someone can use it to check if you have any Mainnet funds in that wallet address, and steal them!

.env example:

GOERLI_RPC_URL='www.infura.io/asdfadsfafdadf'
PRIVATE_KEY='abcdef'

bash example

export GOERLI_RPC_URL='www.infura.io/asdfadsfafdadf'
export PRIVATE_KEY='abcdef'

You can also use a MNEMONIC instead of a PRIVATE_KEY environment variable by uncommenting the section in the hardhat.config.js, and commenting out the PRIVATE_KEY line. However this is not recommended.

For other networks like mainnet and polygon, you can use different environment variables for your RPC URL and your private key. See the hardhat.config.js to learn more.

3. Get some Goerli Testnet ETH and LINK

Head over to the Chainlink faucets and get some ETH and LINK. Please follow the chainlink documentation if unfamiliar.

4. Create VRF V2 subscription

Head over to VRF Subscription Page and create the new subscription. Save your subscription ID and put it in helper-hardhat-config.js file as subscriptionId

5. Running commands

You should now be all setup! You can run any command and just pass the --network goerli now!

To deploy contracts:

npm run deploy --network goerli

To run staging testnet tests

npm run test-staging

Forking

If you'd like to run tests or on a network that is a forked network

1. Set a MAINNET_RPC_URL environment variable that connects to the mainnet.
2. Choose a block number to select a state of the network you are forking and set it as FORKING_BLOCK_NUMBER environment variable. If ignored, it will use the latest block each time which can lead to test inconsistency.
3. Set enabled flag to true/false to enable/disable forking feature

      forking: {
        url: MAINNET_RPC_URL,
        blockNumber: FORKING_BLOCK_NUMBER,
        enabled: false,
      }

Auto-Funding

This Starter Kit is configured by default to attempt to auto-fund any newly deployed contract that uses Any-API, to save having to manually fund them after each deployment. The amount in LINK to send as part of this process can be modified in the Starter Kit Config, and are configurable per network.

Parameter	Description	Default Value
fundAmount	Amount of LINK to transfer when funding contracts	0.1 LINK

If you wish to deploy the smart contracts without performing the auto-funding, add an AUTO_FUND environment variable, and set it to false.

Test

Tests are located in the test directory, and are split between unit tests and staging/testnet tests. Unit tests should only be run on local environments, and staging tests should only run on live environments.

To run unit tests:

npx hardhat test

or

npm run test

or

yarn test

To run staging tests on Goerli network:

npx hardhat test --network goerli

or

npm run test-staging

Performance optimizations

Since all tests are written in a way to be independent from each other, you can save time by running them in parallel. Make sure that AUTO_FUND=false inside .env file. There are some limitations with parallel testing, read more about them here

To run tests in parallel:

npx hardhat test --parallel

or

npm run test --parallel

Interacting with Deployed Contracts

After deploying your contracts, the deployment output will give you the contract addresses as they are deployed. You can then use these contract addresses in conjunction with Hardhat tasks to perform operations on each contract.

Chainlink Price Feeds

The Price Feeds consumer contract has one task, to read the latest price of a specified price feed contract

npx hardhat read-price-feed --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Request & Receive Data

The APIConsumer contract has two tasks, one to request external data based on a set of parameters, and one to check to see what the result of the data request is. This contract needs to be funded with link first:

npx hardhat fund-link --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Once it's funded, you can request external data by passing in a number of parameters to the request-data task. The contract parameter is mandatory, the rest are optional

npx hardhat request-data --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Once you have successfully made a request for external data, you can see the result via the read-data task

npx hardhat read-data --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

VRF Get a random number

The VRFConsumer contract has two tasks, one to request a random number, and one to read the result of the random number request. To start, go to VRF Subscription Page and create the new subscription. Save your subscription ID and put it in helper-hardhat-config.js file as subscriptionId:

5: {
    // rest of the config
    subscriptionId = "777"
}

Then, deploy your VRF V2 contract consumer to the network of your recent subscription using subscription id as constructor argument.

npm run deploy --network network   

Finally, you need to go to your subscription page one more time and add the address of deployed contract as a new consumer. Once that's done, you can perform a VRF request with the request-random-number task:

npx hardhat request-random-number --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Once you have successfully made a request for a random number, you can see the result via the read-random-number task:

npx hardhat read-random-number --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Automation

The AutomationCounter contract is a simple Chainlink Automation enabled contract that simply maintains a counter variable that gets incremented each time the performUpkeep task is performed by a Chainlink Automation. Once the contract is deployed, you should head to https://automation.chain.link/ to register it for upkeeps, then you can use the task below to view the counter variable that gets incremented by Chainlink Automation

npx hardhat read-automation-counter --contract insert-contract-address-here --network network

Verify on Etherscan

You'll need an ETHERSCAN_API_KEY environment variable. You can get one from the Etherscan API site.. If you have it set, your deploy script will try to verify them by default, but if you want to verify any manually, you can run:

npx hardhat verify --network <NETWORK> <CONTRACT_ADDRESS> <CONSTRUCTOR_PARAMETERS>

example:

npx hardhat verify --network goerli 0x9279791897f112a41FfDa267ff7DbBC46b96c296 "0x9326BFA02ADD2366b30bacB125260Af641031331"

Linting

This will lint your smart contracts.

npm run lint:fix

Code Formatting

This will format both your javascript and solidity to look nicer.

npm run format

Estimating Gas

To estimate gas, just set a REPORT_GAS environment variable to true, and then run:

npx hardhat test

If you'd like to see the gas prices in USD or other currency, add a COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY from Coinmarketcap.

Code coverage

To see a measure in percent of the degree to which the smart contract source code is executed when a particular test suite is run, type

npm run coverage

Fuzzing

We are going to use Echidna as a Fuzz testing tool. You need to have Docker installed with at least 8GB virtual memory allocated (To update this parameter go to Settings->Resources->Advanced->Memory).

To start Echidna instance run

npm run fuzzing

If you are using it for the first time, you will need to wait for Docker to download eth-security-toolbox image for us.

To start Fuzzing run

echidna-test /src/contracts/test/fuzzing/AutomationCounterEchidnaTest.sol --contract AutomationCounterEchidnaTest --config /src/contracts/test/fuzzing/config.yaml

To exit Echidna type

exit

Contributing

Contributions are always welcome! Open a PR or an issue!

Thank You!

Resources

• Chainlink Documentation
• Hardhat Documentation