Packer templates for producing KVM/QEMU images written in HCL.
This repo contains source code that can be used to create a pipeline that customizes the qcow2 base images from all of the major Linux distros. You can use these examples to create your own customized minimalizst Linux images with "Just Enough Operating System" to bootstrap an appliance with further automation specific to your use case.
Examples are provided that create virtual machines images for both x86_64 and ARM64 processors with hardware acceleration. For x86_64 processors, examples are provided images with either the Legacy BIOS firmware or the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). Since ARM64 processors don't support Legacy BIOS firmware, only UEFI examples are provided for ARM64.
The SeaBIOS open source implementation of a 16-bit X86 BIOS is used for the Legacy BIOS firmware in these images. And the TianoCore open source implentation is used for images with UEFI firmware.
Prequisites:
- Install Hashicorp Packer
- Install QEMU/KVM
In the root of this repo there are directories with examples for the following distros:
centos
debian
oraclinux
ubuntu
Each distro directory has a subdirectory for each processor architecture. You'll
want to make each directory the current directory when run Hashcirop packer
to create images for each processor. There's also a scripts
directory that
contains shared code referenced by each processor build.
aarch64
- ARM64 processor architecturex86_64
- X86_64/AMD64/Intel 64 processor architecture
cd ubuntu/x86_64
PACKER_LOG=1 packer build \
-var-file ubuntu-22.04-bios-x86_64.pkrvars.hcl \
ubuntu.pkr.hcl
PACKER_LOG=1 packer build \
-var-file ubuntu-22.04-x86_64.pkrvars.hcl \
ubuntu.pkr.hcl
cd ubuntu/aarch64
PACKER_LOG=1 packer build \
-var-file ubuntu-22.04-aarch64.pkrvars.hcl \
ubuntu.pkr.hcl
Ironically on Linux, it's easiest to use Docker or Podman to load the required dependencies for the Vagrant Libvirt plugin for Vagrant. For more information refer to the Vagrant Libvirt Documentation.
docker run --interactive --tty --rm \
--env LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI \
--mount type=bind,source=/var/run/libvirt/,target=/var/run/libvirt/ \
--mount type=bind,source=$HOME/.vagrant.d,target=/.vagrant.d \
--mount type=bind,source=$(realpath "${PWD}"),target=${PWD} \
--workdir "${PWD}" \
--network host \
vagrantlibvirt/vagrant-libvirt:latest \
vagrant status
$ qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-bios-x86_64/ubuntu-22.04-bios-x86_64 ubuntu-image.qcow2
$ qemu-img resize -f qcow2 ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
$ qemu-system-x86_64 \
-name ubuntu-image \
-machine accel=kvm,type=q35 \
-cpu host \
-smp 2 \
-m 2G \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-drive file=ubuntu-image.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2
$ qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-x86_64/ubuntu-22.04-x86_64 ubuntu-image.qcow2
$ cp output-ubuntu-22.04-x86_64/efivars.fd ubuntu-image-efivars.fd
$ qemu-img resize -f qcow2 ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
$ qemu-system-x86_64 \
-name ubuntu-image \
-machine accel=kvm,type=q35 \
-cpu host \
-smp 2 \
-m 2G \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-drive file=ubuntu-image.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2 \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,unit=0,file=/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=ubuntu-image-efivars.fd
$ qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-aarch64/ubuntu-22.04-aarch64 ubuntu-image.qcow2
$ cp output-ubuntu-22.04-aarch64/efivars.fd ubuntu-image-efivars.fd
$ qemu-img resize -f qcow2 ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
qemu-system-aarch64 \
-name ubuntu-image \
-machine accel=kvm,type=virt \
-cpu host \
-smp 2 \
-m 2G \
-device virtio-keyboard \
-device virtio-mouse \
-device virtio-gpu-pci \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-drive file=ubuntu-image.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2 \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,unit=0,file=/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=ubuntu-image-efivars.fd
sudo qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-bios-x86_64/ubuntu-22.04-bios-x86_64 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2
sudo qemu-img resize -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
virt-install \
--name ubuntu-image \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant ubuntu22.04 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2,bus=virtio \
--import \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--graphics spice \
--video model=virtio \
--console pty,target_type=serial
virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name ubuntu-image \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant ubuntu22.04 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2,bus=virtio \
--import \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--graphics spice \
--video model=virtio \
--console pty,target_type=serial
virsh console ubuntu-image
virt-viewer ubuntu-image
virsh destroy ubuntu-image
virsh undefine ubuntu-image --remove-all-storage
# You can get paths of the pools from /etc/libvirt/storage
sudo qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-x86_64/ubuntu-22.04-x86_64 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2
sudo qemu-img resize -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name ubuntu-image \
--boot uefi \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant ubuntu22.04 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-image.qcow2,bus=virtio \
--import \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--graphics spice \
--video model=virtio \
--console pty,target_type=serial
sudo rm 50-cloud-init.yaml
sudo vi /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
network:
ethernets:
enp1s0:
dhcp4: true
version: 2
sudo vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost ubuntu-cloud
sudo netplan apply
virsh console ubuntu-image
virt-viewer ubuntu-image
virsh destroy ubuntu-image
virsh undefine ubuntu-image --nvram --remove-all-storage
# You can get paths of the pools from /etc/libvirt/storage
# /data/vms
# /var/lib/libvirt/images
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 output-ubuntu-22.04-aarch64/ubuntu-22.04-aarch64 /data/vms/ubuntu-image.qcow2
qemu-img resize -f qcow2 /data/vms/ubuntu-image.qcow2 32G
virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name ubuntu-image \
--boot uefi \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant ubuntu20.04 \
--disk path=/data/vms/ubuntu-image.qcow2,bus=virtio \
--import \
--noautoconsole \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--graphics spice \
--video model=virtio \
--console pty,target_type=serial
virsh console ubuntu-image
virt-viewer ubuntu-image
virsh destroy ubuntu-image
virsh undefine ubuntu-image --nvram --remove-all-storage