- Django is a Python web framework
- Build web applications quickly w/ less code
Has batteries included:
- ORM (Object relational mapper): Enables you to interact with your database, creating SQL queries
- Admin: Provides admin interface
- Templates: Used for generating webpages
- URL mapping: Helps create understandable urls
- Forms: Web forms like html forms
- Packages: Many 3rd party packages for free
After installing django in your virtual environment, you can create a new project using this command
django-admin startproject <project_name>
You can then run the django server with:
python manage.py runserver
python -m manage.py startapp website
This creates a new folder for the website contents
The views.py file is where I will create the website I've deleted all python files within the website folder except for views.py, urls.py, and _init_.py
views.py
from datetime import datetime
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
def welcome(request):
return HttpResponse("Welcome to the Meeting Planner!")
def date(request):
return HttpResponse("This page was served at " \+ str(datetime.now()))
def about(request):
return HttpResponse("My name is Joshua Eom. Welcome to my first webpage using Django!")urls.py
"""meeting\_planner URL Configuration
The \`urlpatterns\` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my\_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other\_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as\_view(), name='home')Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from website.views import welcome, date, about
urlpatterns = \[
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', welcome),
path('date', date),
path('about', about)
\]How to see current migrations
python manage.py showmigrations
Migrate
python manage.py migrate
Get an sql shell
python manage.py dbshell
Another way to see migrations
.table
select * from django_migrations;
.exit -- (If you want to exit)https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/migrations/ models.py
from django.db import models
class Meeting(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
date = models.DateField()Make migrations
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py sqlmigrate meetings 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Meeting
--
CREATE TABLE "meetings_meeting" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "date" date NOT NULL)
;
COMMIT;
python manage.py migrate
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Meeting
admin.site.register(Meeting)Add superuser to login to admin interface
python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'joshua'):
Email address: info@example.com
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully.
More information about django model fields: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/
# Step 1: Change model code
# Step 2: Generate migration script (check it!)
python manage.py makemigrations
# Show migrations
python manage.py showmigrations
# Step 3: Run migrations
python manage.py migrate# admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Meeting
admin.site.register(Meeting)
# Don't forget to create a superuser
python manage.py createsuperuser02/13/2021
Now I'm going to create a template to render HTML for the website @welcome.html
<!DOCTYPE html\>
<html lang\="en"\>
<head>
<meta charset\="UTF-8"\>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the Meeting Planner!</h1>
<p> This is my first every website built using django!
<em>Getting Started with Django</em>:
<a href\="https://bit.ly/JoshEom"\>My repository</a>
</p> <p> {{message}} <!-- This is use to create dynamic webpages. Check out views.py and see what the value of message is!"-->
</p>
</body>
</html>views.py
...
def welcome(request):
return render(request, "website/welcome.html", {"message": "This data was sent from the view to the template."})
...
<html><head><title>{{name}}'s Page</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hi I'm {{name}}!</h1>
I'm {{age}} years old.
</body></html>- {{ var }} looks up var in the template context
- Other text is copied to HTML output, creating a dynamic HTML page Calling a template
def home(request):
return render(request, "website/welcome.html",
{ 'name':"Bob", 'age': 35 })- render: pass request and name of template file
- Third argument: dict with data passed to the template
- Templates should be in folder /templates inside app
- Don't forget the return keyword
Add get_object_or_404 @meetings/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get\_object\_or\_404
from .models import Meeting
def detail(request, id):
meeting = get\_object\_or\_404(Meeting, pk\=id) \# Returns a 404 error page if it doesn't exist
return render(request, "meetings/detail.html", {"meeting": meeting})