实现进程间通信,尤其是在涉及多进程并发情况下的进程间通信。
学习Aidl
时,写的demo。项目包含客户端aidlTestClient
和服务端aidlTestServer
,通过学习aidl
实现aidlTestClient
和aidlTestServer
之间的通讯,也就是跨进程通讯。客户端和服务端分别是两个安卓app
- 创建 AIDL
1.首先,新建一个实体类Book,实现 Parcelable
接口,以便序列化/反序列化
package kanghb.com.aidltest;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
/**
* 创建时间:2018/8/10
* 编写人:kanghb
* 功能描述:
*/
public class Book implements Parcelable {
private int price;
private String name;
public Book() {
}
protected Book(Parcel in) {
price = in.readInt();
name = in.readString();
}
public static final Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Creator<Book>() {
@Override
public Book createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new Book(in);
}
@Override
public Book[] newArray(int size) {
return new Book[size];
}
};
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name == null ? "" : name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeInt(price);
dest.writeString(name);
}
/**
* 参数是一个Parcel,用它来存储与传输数据
* @param dest
*/
public void readFromParcel(Parcel dest) {
//注意,此处的读值顺序应当是和writeToParcel()方法中一致的
price = dest.readInt();
name = dest.readString();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"price=" + price +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2.在src/main目录下新建aidl文件(包含实体类的映射aidl文件和接口aidl文件),Androidstudio创建很简单,自动生成aidl文件夹。
实体类映射文件
// Book.aidl
//第一类AIDL文件的例子
//这个文件的作用是引入了一个序列化对象 Book 供其他的AIDL文件使用
//注意:Book.aidl与Book.java的包名应当是一样的
package kanghb.com.aidltest;
//注意parcelable是小写
parcelable Book;
接口 aidl 文件
// AidlBookManager.aidl
package kanghb.com.aidltest;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import kanghb.com.aidltest.Book;
interface AidlBookManager {
/**
* Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
* and return values in AIDL.
*/
//所有的返回值前都不需要加任何东西,不管是什么数据类型
List<Book> getBooks();
//传参时除了Java基本类型以及String,CharSequence之外的类型
//其他类型的参数都需要标上方向类型:in(输入), out(输出), inout(输入输出),具体加什么量需而定
void addBook(in Book book);
}
在接口 aidl 文件中定义将来要在跨进程进行的操作,上面的接口中定义了两个方法:
- addBook: 添加 Book
- getBooks:获取 Book列表
需要注意的是:非默认支持数据类型需要导入包,传参是,除了基本数据类型外,其他都要表明方向类型tag
3.build project,生成java文件
点击 Build
-> Make Project
,然后等待构建完成。
然后就会在 build/generated/source/aidl/你的 flavor/
下生成一个 Java 文件。代码自动生成,aidl强大之处
/*
* This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY.
* Original file: D:\\workspace\\aidlTestClient\\app\\src\\main\\aidl\\kanghb\\com\\aidltest\\AidlBookManager.aidl
*/
package kanghb.com.aidltest;
public interface AidlBookManager extends android.os.IInterface {
/**
* Local-side IPC implementation stub class.
*/
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager {
private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager";
/**
* Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
*/
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
/**
* Cast an IBinder object into an kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager interface,
* generating a proxy if needed.
*/
public static kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager))) {
return ((kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager) iin);
}
return new kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return this;
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_getBooks: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
java.util.List<kanghb.com.aidltest.Book> _result = this.getBooks();
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeTypedList(_result);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_addBook: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
kanghb.com.aidltest.Book _arg0;
if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
_arg0 = kanghb.com.aidltest.Book.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
} else {
_arg0 = null;
}
this.addBook(_arg0);
reply.writeNoException();
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
private static class Proxy implements kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager {
private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return mRemote;
}
public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
return DESCRIPTOR;
}
/**
* Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
* and return values in AIDL.
*///所有的返回值前都不需要加任何东西,不管是什么数据类型
@Override
public java.util.List<kanghb.com.aidltest.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
java.util.List<kanghb.com.aidltest.Book> _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getBooks, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.createTypedArrayList(kanghb.com.aidltest.Book.CREATOR);
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
//传参时除了Java基本类型以及String,CharSequence之外的类型
//都需要在前面加上定向tag,具体加什么量需而定
@Override
public void addBook(kanghb.com.aidltest.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
if ((book != null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
book.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
} else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addBook, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
}
static final int TRANSACTION_getBooks = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
static final int TRANSACTION_addBook = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
}
/**
* Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
* and return values in AIDL.
*///所有的返回值前都不需要加任何东西,不管是什么数据类型
public java.util.List<kanghb.com.aidltest.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException;
//传参时除了Java基本类型以及String,CharSequence之外的类型
//都需要在前面加上定向tag,具体加什么量需而定
public void addBook(kanghb.com.aidltest.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException;
}
- 2.编写服务端
aidlTestServer
创建 Service,在其中创建上面生成的 Binder 对象实例,实现接口定义的方法;然后在 onBind() 中返回
创建将来要运行在另一个进程的 Service,在其中实现了 AIDL 接口中定义的方法:
package kanghb.com.aidltest;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 创建时间:2018/8/13
* 编写人:kanghb
* 功能描述:
*/
public class AIDLService extends Service {
public final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();
//包含Book对象的list
private List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
//由AIDL文件生成的AidlbookManager,文件目录在app\build\generated\source\aidl\debug\kanghb\com\aidltest\AidlBookManager.java
private final AidlBookManager.Stub bookManager = new AidlBookManager.Stub() {
@Override
public List<Book> getBooks() throws RemoteException {
synchronized (this){
Log.e(TAG, "invoking getBooks() method , now the list is : " + books.toString());
if (books != null) {
return books;
}
return new ArrayList<>();
}
}
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
synchronized (this){
if(books == null){
books = new ArrayList<>();
}
if(book == null){
Log.e(TAG, "addBook: Book is null in In" );
}
//尝试修改客户端传过来book参数,观察到客户端的反馈
book.setPrice(56);
if(!books.contains(book)){
books.add(book);
}
//打印mBooks列表,观察客户端传过来的值
Log.e(TAG, "invoking addBooks() method , now the list is : " + books.toString());
}
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Book book = new Book();
book.setName("Android开发艺术探索");
book.setPrice(28);
books.add(book);
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return bookManager;
}
}
上面的代码中,创建的对象是一个 AidlBookManager.Stub
,它是一个 Binder 。
在 Manifest 文件中声明:
<service android:name=".AIDLService">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "com.khb.aidl.server"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
</service>
这里需要注意:因为我的服务端和客户端分别是两个app所以是两个进程,如果在一个项目里跨进程service可以这样声明:
<service
android:name="AIDLService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
android:process=":aidl"/>
- 3.编写客户端
aidlTestClient
在MainActivity
中放入一个send按钮,点击实现跨进程通信
package kanghb.com.aidltestclient;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.List;
import kanghb.com.aidltest.AidlBookManager;
import kanghb.com.aidltest.Book;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//由AIDL文件生成的Java类
private AidlBookManager aidlBookManager = null;
//标志当前与服务端连接状况的布尔值,false为未连接,true为连接中
private boolean mBound = false;
private List<Book> booklist;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void send(View view){
//如果与服务端的连接处于未连接状态,则尝试连接
if (!mBound) {
attemptToBindService();
Toast.makeText(this, "当前与服务端处于未连接状态,正在尝试重连,请稍后再试", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
if (aidlBookManager == null) {
return;
}
Book book = new Book();
book.setName("APP研发录In");
book.setPrice(30);
try {
aidlBookManager.addBook(book);
Log.e(getLocalClassName(), book.toString());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 尝试与服务端建立连接
*/
private void attemptToBindService() {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.khb.aidl.server");
intent.setPackage("kanghb.com.aidltest");
bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
if (!mBound) {
attemptToBindService();
}
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
if (mBound) {
unbindService(serviceConnection);
mBound = false;
}
}
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
Log.e(getLocalClassName(), "service connected");
aidlBookManager = AidlBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
mBound = true;
if(aidlBookManager != null){
try {
booklist = aidlBookManager.getBooks();
Log.e(getLocalClassName(), booklist.toString());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.e(getLocalClassName(), "service disconnected");
mBound = false;
}
};
}
运行两个app至手机上,查看log日志,分析夸进程通讯
客户端点击send
服务端接受:
1.默认生成的模板类的对象只支持为 in 的定向 tag
因为默认生成的类里面只有 writeToParcel() 方法,而如果要支持为 out 或者 inout 的定向 tag 的话,还需要实现 readFromParcel() 方法
/**
* 参数是一个Parcel,用它来存储与传输数据
* @param dest
*/
public void readFromParcel(Parcel dest) {
//注意,此处的读值顺序应当是和writeToParcel()方法中一致的
name = dest.readString();
price = dest.readInt();
}
2.Book.aidl必须和Book.java的名字,刚开始我申明为AidlBook.aidl
,发现会build'出错
3.Book.aidl和Book.java 包名必须一致,为了方便移植aidl我把Book.java也移到了aidl目录中,这样移植只需要copyaidl
即可以,但是这样会有个问题。Androidstudio找不到Book,因为。Gradle 默认是将 java 代码的访问路径设置在 java 包下的 可以通过下面方法解决:
- 修改 build.gradle 文件:在 android{} 中间加上下面的内容:
sourceSets {
main {
java.srcDirs = ['src/main/java', 'src/main/aidl']
}
}