Kubenurse

kubenurse is a little service that monitors all network connections in a kubernetes cluster and exports the taken metrics as prometheus endpoint.

Deployment

You can get the Docker Image from Docker Hub. The examples directory contains yamls that deploy the kubenurse to the kube-system namespace.

After everything is set up and Prometheus scrapes the kubenurses, you can build dashboards that show network latencies and errors or use the metrics for alarming.

Configuration

kubenurse is configured with environment variables:

KUBENURSE_INGRESS_URL: An URL to the kubenurse in order to check the ingress
KUBENURSE_SERVICE_URL: An URL to the kubenurse in order to check the kubernetes service
KUBENURSE_INSECURE: If "true", TLS connections will not validate the certificate
KUBENURSE_EXTRA_CA: Additional CA cert path for TLS connections
KUBENURSE_NAMESPACE: Namespace in which to look for the neighbour kubenurses
KUBENURSE_NEIGHBOUR_FILTER: A label selector to filter neighbour kubenurses

Following variables are injected to the Pod by Kubernetes and should not be defined manually:

KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST: Host to communicate to the kube-apiserver
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT: Port to communicate to the kube-apiserver

The used http client appends the certificate /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt if found.

http Endpoints

The kubenurse listens http on port 8080 and exposes endpoints:

/: Redirects to /alive
/alive: Returns a pretty printed JSON with the check results, described below
/alwayshappy: Returns http-200 which is used for testing itself
/metrics: Exposes prometheus metrics

The /alive endpoint retuns a JSON like this with status code 200 if everything is alright else 500:

{
  "api_server_direct": "ok",
  "api_server_dns": "ok",
  "me_ingress": "ok",
  "me_service": "ok",
  "hostname": "kubenurse-1234-x2bwx",
  "neighbourhood_state": "ok",
  "neighbourhood": [
   {
    "PodName": "kubenurse-1234-8fh2x",
    "PodIP": "10.10.10.67",
    "HostIP": "10.12.12.66",
    "NodeName": "k8s-66.example.com",
    "Phase": "Running"
   },
   {
    "PodName": "kubenurse-1234-ffjbs",
    "PodIP": "10.10.10.138",
    "HostIP": "10.12.12.89",
    "NodeName": "k8s-89.example.com",
    "Phase": "Running"
   }
  ],
  "headers": {
   "Accept": [
    "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8"
   ],
   "Accept-Encoding": [
    "gzip, deflate, br"
   ],
   ...
  }
}

Health Checks

Every five seconds and on every access of /alive, the checks described below are run. Check results are cached for 3 seconds in order to prevent excessive network traffic.

A little illustration of what communication occures, is here:

API Server Direct

Checks the /version endpoint of the Kubernetes API Server through the direct link (KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST, KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT).

Metric type: api_server_direct

API Server DNS

Checks the /version endpoint of the Kubernetes API Server through the Cluster DNS URL https://kubernetes.default.svc:$KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT. This also verifies a working kube-dns deployment.

Metric type: api_server_dns

Me Ingress

Checks if the kubenurse is reachable at the /alwayshappy endpoint behind the ingress. This address is provided by the environment variable KUBENURSE_INGRESS_URL that could look like https://kubenurse.example.com. This also verifies a correct upstream DNS resolution.

Metric type: me_ingress

Me Service

Checks if the kubenurse is reachable at the /alwayshappy endpoint through the kubernetes service. The address is provided by the environment variable KUBENURSE_SERVICE_URL that could look like http://kubenurse.mynamespace.default.svc:8080. This also verifies a working kube-proxy setup.

Metric type: me_service

Neighbourhood

Checks if every neighbour kubenurse is reachable at the /alwayshappy endpoint. Neighbours are discovered by querying the kube-apiserver for every Pod in the KUBENURSE_NAMESPACE with label KUBENURSE_NEIGHBOUR_FILTER. The request is done directly to the Pod-IP and the metric types contains the prefix path_ and the hostname of the kubelet on which the neighbour kubenurse should run.

Metric type: path_$KUBELET_HOSTNAME

Metrics

All checks create exposed metrics, that can be used to monitor:

SDN network latencies and errors
kubelet-to-kubelet network latencies and errors
pod-to-apiserver communication
Ingress roundtrip latencies and errors
Service roundtrip latencies and errors (kube-proxy)
Major kube-apiserver issues
kube-dns (or CoreDNS) errors
External DNS resolution errors (ingress URL resolution)

At /metrics you will find these:

kubenurse_errors_total: Kubenurse error counter partitioned by error type
kubenurse_request_duration: Kubenurse request duration partitioned by error type, summary over one minute

KubernetesCheatsheet/kubenurse