Repository for the ongoing UCxn Project to add construction information to Universal Dependencies (UD), and code and dataset for "UCxn: Typologically Informed Annotation of Constructions Atop Universal Dependencies" (Weissweiler et al., LREC-COLING 2024). It presents an approach to annotating constructions as a layer on top of UD ("UCxn"), with case studies exploring 5 typologically defined construction families in 10 languages, and Grew rules to automatically infer the construction annotations.
This paper can be found in the docs folder, alongside a full technical specification for the annotation scheme and construction subtypes in Version 1.
Grew queries described by the paper are found in the grew_rules folder, and the automatically annotated corpora in annotated_corpora. In addition, annotations can be explored in Grew-match, e.g. the UCxn-enhanced English-GUM corpus.
The UD 2.13 release served as the input for producing the rule-based annotations in annotated_corpora. (English-GUM contained some pilot construction annotations in the 2.13 release; those were removed before applying the Grew rules.) Individual treebanks are encouraged to incorporate UCxn annotations, ideally with manual checking, into official UD treebank repositories for future releases.
| ID | FORM | LEMMA | UPOS | ... | UCxn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | what | what | PRON | ... | CxnElt=2:Interrogative-WHInfo-Direct.WHWord |
| 2 | happened | happen | VERB | ... | Cxn=Interrogative-WHInfo-Direct|CxnElt=2:Interrogative-WHInfo-Direct.Clause |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | ... | _ |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | ... | _ |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | ... | _ |
- English
- German
- Swedish
- French
- Spanish
- Portuguese
- Hindi
- Mandarin
- Hebrew
- Coptic
- Interrogative
- Existential
- Conditional
- Resultative
- NPN
If you use the dataset or code, please cite our paper:
@misc{weissweiler2024ucxn,
title={{UCxn}: Typologically Informed Annotation of Constructions Atop {U}niversal {D}ependencies},
author={Leonie Weissweiler and Nina B\"{o}bel and Kirian Guiller and Santiago Herrera and Wesley Scivetti and Arthur Lorenzi and Nurit Melnik and Archna Bhatia and Hinrich Sch\"{u}tze and Lori Levin and Amir Zeldes and Joakim Nivre and William Croft and Nathan Schneider},
year={2024},
eprint={2403.17748},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}