uuidv7: A JavaScript implementation of UUID version 7

import { uuidv7 } from "uuidv7";

const result = uuidv7(); // e.g., "017fe537-bb13-7c35-b52a-cb5490cce7be"

On browsers and Deno:

import { uuidv7 } from "https://unpkg.com/uuidv7@^1";

const result = uuidv7(); // e.g., "017fe537-bb13-7c35-b52a-cb5490cce7be"

Command-line interface:

$ npx uuidv7
0189f7e5-c883-7106-8272-ccb7fcba0575
$
$ npx uuidv7 -n 4
0189f7ea-ae2c-7809-8aeb-b819cf5e9e7f
0189f7ea-ae2f-72b9-9be8-9c3c5a60214f
0189f7ea-ae2f-72b9-9be8-9c3d224082ef
0189f7ea-ae2f-72b9-9be8-9c3e3e8abae8

See RFC 9562.

Field and bit layout

This implementation produces identifiers with the following bit layout:

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                          unix_ts_ms                           |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|          unix_ts_ms           |  ver  |        counter        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|var|                        counter                            |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             rand                              |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Where:

The 48-bit unix_ts_ms field is dedicated to the Unix timestamp in milliseconds.
The 4-bit ver field is set at 0111.
The 42-bit counter field accommodates a counter that ensures the increasing order of IDs generated within a millisecond. The counter is incremented by one for each new ID and is reset to a random number when the unix_ts_ms changes.
The 2-bit var field is set at 10.
The remaining 32 rand bits are filled with a cryptographically strong random number.

The 42-bit counter is sufficiently large, so you do not usually need to worry about overflow, but in an extremely rare circumstance where it overflows, this library increments the unix_ts_ms field to continue instant monotonic generation. As a result, the unix_ts_ms may have a greater value than that of the system's real-time clock. (See also Why so large counter? (42bits)).

UUIDv7, by design, relies on the system clock to guarantee the monotonically increasing order of generated IDs. A generator may not be able to produce a monotonic sequence if the system clock goes backwards. This library ignores a clock rollback and reuses the previous unix_ts_ms unless the clock rollback is considered significant (by default, more than ten seconds). If such a significant rollback takes place, this library resets the generator by default and thus breaks the increasing order of generated IDs.

Other features

This library also supports the generation of UUID version 4:

import { uuidv4 } from "uuidv7";

const result = uuidv4(); // e.g., "83229083-75c3-4da5-8378-f88ef1a2bcd1"

uuidv7obj() and uuidv4obj() return an object that represents a UUID as a 16-byte byte array:

import { uuidv7obj } from "uuidv7";

const object = uuidv7obj();
console.log(object.bytes); // Uint8Array(16) [ ... ]
console.log(String(object)); // e.g., "017fea6b-b877-7aef-b422-57db9ed15e9d"

console.assert(object.getVariant() === "VAR_10");
console.assert(object.getVersion() === 7);

console.assert(object.clone().equals(object));
console.assert(object.compareTo(uuidv7obj()) < 0);

The V7Generator primitive allows to utilize a separate counter state from that of the global generator. It also provides a fallible variant of the generator function to give an absolute guarantee of the increasing order of UUIDs despite a significant rollback of the system timestamp source.

import { V7Generator } from "uuidv7";

const g = new V7Generator();
const x = g.generate();
const y = g.generateOrAbort();
if (y === undefined) {
  throw new Error("The clock went backwards by ten seconds!");
}
console.assert(x.compareTo(y) < 0);

See the API documentation for details.

CommonJS support

The CommonJS entry point is deprecated and provided for backward compatibility purposes only. The entry point is no longer tested and will be removed in the future.

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Related project

Uuid25 provides the conversion to/from a condensed, sortable, case-insensitive, 25-digit Base36 representation of UUID as well as other well-known textual representations. Uuid25 is available in several languages including Go, JavaScript, Python, Rust, and Swift.