termux-adb

Run adb and fastboot in Termux without root permissions!

Description

This is a modified version of adb and fastboot which enables debugging of one Android device from another via USB cable. It should work with any USB-C male-to-male cable or the corresponding OTG adapter + cable in case of micro USB.

Installation

install Termux from F-Droid
install Termux:API from F-Droid
in Termux:

$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nohajc/termux-adb/master/install.sh | bash

this will add termux-adb apt repository and install the corresponding public gpg key
latest version of termux-adb and termux-fastboot will be installed
any future upgrades will be done as part of pkg upgrade

Usage

Both termux-adb and termux-fastboot are drop-in replacements for the original commands so the usage is exactly the same. The commands were only renamed to avoid collision with the official android-tools Termux package (which contains more tools beside these two).

Build instructions

The official termux-packages build environment is used (forked to add the termux-adb package).

For more information, please refer to the Termux documentation:

Current limitations

Using termux-usb and querying device serial number with libusb tends to be slow. That's not a problem for adb which runs as a daemon and scans USB devices periodically. However, it is quite noticable for termux-fastboot commands because fastboot doesn't use any background service. This can potentially be improved in a future release.

How it actually works

Termux has the android-tools package which contains adb and fastboot but it normally works on rooted devices only. This is mainly due to filesystem permissions required by adb when enumerating USB devices (traversing /dev/bus/usb/*).

There is, however, Android API exposed by termux-usb utility which gives you a raw file descriptor of any connected USB device after manual approval by the user.

Of course, adb by itself doesn't know anything about termux-usb nor it can take raw file descriptors from command-line or environment. If it cannot access /dev/bus/usb, it just won't detect any connected devices. This is where termux-adb comes in.

Both adb and fastboot are patched to scan for USB devices using the termux-usb command. Furhtermore a Unix Domain Socket is used to transfer the obtained file descriptors from child process to the parent (i.e. termux-adb runs termux-usb for every detected device which in turn runs termux-adb in a special mode that will only send USB file descriptor to the UDS file descriptor provided by environment variable).

This way we don't complicate the user experience and we can work with any number of devices connected at once (e.g. if you have a USB hub connected to the OTG adapter).