Warning: this is work in progress!
Generating Simple Audio Signals
Reading and Writing Audio Files
TODO: more topics ...
There are quite a few blog posts and other resources available, here are a few links, use your favorite search engine to find more.
http://bastibe.de/2012-11-02-real-time-signal-processing-in-python.html
http://www.swharden.com/blog/2013-05-09-realtime-fft-audio-visualization-with-python/
http://www.swharden.com/blog/2013-05-08-realtime-data-plotting-in-python/
http://samcarcagno.altervista.org/blog/basic-sound-processing-python/
http://blog.chrisarndt.de/article/499 (de)
http://python-for-signal-processing.blogspot.de/
http://scipy-lectures.github.io/
http://pig-in-the-python.blogspot.de/
http://www.loria.fr/~rougier/teaching/numpy/numpy.html
Bob (signal-processing and machine learning toolbox)
http://idiap.github.io/bob/
http://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/
http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html
http://lignos.org/py_antipatterns/
https://github.com/arokem/python-matlab-bridge
https://github.com/ewiger/mlab
https://github.com/bastibe/transplant
http://wiki.scipy.org/NumPy_for_Matlab_Users
http://bastibe.de/2013-01-20-a-python-primer-for-matlab-users.html