/TheSonicSense

This project implements a distance measurement system using an ATmega32 microcontroller, an HC-SR04 ultrasSonic sensor, and 4x16 LCD interface. Drivers: GPIO, ICU, UltraSonic, LCD.

Primary LanguageC

TheSonicSense

This project implements a distance measurement system using an ATmega32 microcontroller, an HC-SR04 ultrasSonic sensor, and 4x16 LCD interface. The system calculates and displays the distance of an object in real-time.

Introduction

The project follows the MCAL (Microcontroller Abstraction Layer) and HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) approach to ensure modularity and reusability of the code. The MCAL provides low-level access to the microcontroller's hardware peripherals, while the HAL abstracts higher-level functionalities, allowing easy porting of the code to different microcontroller platforms.

MCAL: Includes low-level drivers for GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) and input capture unit of the ATmega32 microcontroller.

HAL: Provides high-level drivers for the ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) and LCD interface, enabling seamless interaction with these hardware components.

Integration of ICU and HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

  1. ICU Connection:

    • The Input Capture Unit (ICU) of the ATmega32 microcontroller is configured to capture the time interval between the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signal.
    • Connect the Echo pin of the HC-SR04 sensor to the Input Capture pin (ICP1) of the ATmega32 microcontroller.
    • Configure the ICU to capture rising edges of the Echo signal. ( depending on HCS04 specifications. )
    • When the ultrasonic signal is transmitted, the Echo pin of the sensor will generate a pulse, and the ICU captures the time it takes for the signal to travel to the object and back.

  2. Trigger Connection:

    • Connect the Trigger pin of the HC-SR04 sensor to any digital output pin of the ATmega32 microcontroller. This pin will be used to trigger the ultrasonic signal transmission.
    • To measure the distance, send a short pulse (typically 10 microseconds) to the Trigger pin. This will initiate the ultrasonic signal transmission.

  3. Calculation of Distance:

    • Once the ICU captures the time interval (in microseconds) between the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signal, you can use this time to calculate the distance.
    • Using the formula: Distance = (Time × Speed of Sound) / 2.
    • Speed of Sound is approximately 343 meters per second in air at room temperature. Divide the result by 2 because this time is for the signal traveling to the object and back.
HC-SR04 Sensor      ATmega32 Microcontroller
-------------------------------------------------
   VCC                    VCC
   GND                    GND
   Trigger                PORTB, Pin 5 as in Simulation
   Echo                   ICP1 (Input Capture Pin)

Hardware Used

  1. ATmega32 Microcontroller
  2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  3. LCD Display (compatible with ATmega32)
  4. Breadboard and Jumper Wires
  5. External Power Supply (if required)

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! If you have any suggestions, bug reports, or feature requests, please open an issue or submit a pull request on the project's GitHub repository.