T-Pot 19.03 runs on Debian (Stable), is based heavily on
and includes dockerized versions of the following honeypots
- adbhoney,
- ciscoasa,
- citrixhoneypot,
- conpot,
- cowrie,
- dionaea,
- elasticpot,
- glutton,
- heralding,
- honeypy,
- honeytrap,
- mailoney,
- medpot,
- rdpy,
- snare,
- tanner
Furthermore we use the following tools
- Cockpit for a lightweight, webui for docker, os, real-time performance monitoring and web terminal.
- Cyberchef a web app for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.
- ELK stack to beautifully visualize all the events captured by T-Pot.
- Elasticsearch Head a web front end for browsing and interacting with an Elastic Search cluster.
- Fatt a pyshark based script for extracting network metadata and fingerprints from pcap files and live network traffic.
- Spiderfoot a open source intelligence automation tool.
- Suricata a Network Security Monitoring engine.
- Meet the system requirements. The T-Pot installation needs at least 6-8 GB RAM and 128 GB free disk space as well as a working internet connection.
- Download the T-Pot ISO from GitHub or create it yourself.
- Install the system in a VM or on physical hardware with internet access.
- Enjoy your favorite beverage - watch and analyze.
- Technical Concept
- System Requirements
- Installation
- Updates
- Options
- Roadmap
- Disclaimer
- FAQ
- Contact
- Licenses
- Credits
- Stay tuned
- Testimonial
T-Pot is based on the network installer Debian (Stable). The honeypot daemons as well as other support components being used have been containerized using docker. This allows us to run multiple honeypot daemons on the same network interface while maintaining a small footprint and constrain each honeypot within its own environment.
In T-Pot we combine the dockerized honeypots ...
- adbhoney,
- ciscoasa,
- citrixhoneypot,
- conpot,
- cowrie,
- dionaea,
- elasticpot,
- glutton,
- heralding,
- honeypy,
- honeytrap,
- mailoney,
- medpot,
- rdpy,
- snare,
- tanner
... with the following tools ...
- Cockpit for a lightweight, webui for docker, os, real-time performance monitoring and web terminal.
- Cyberchef a web app for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.
- ELK stack to beautifully visualize all the events captured by T-Pot.
- Elasticsearch Head a web front end for browsing and interacting with an Elastic Search cluster.
- Fatt a pyshark based script for extracting network metadata and fingerprints from pcap files and live network traffic.
- Spiderfoot a open source intelligence automation tool.
- Suricata a Network Security Monitoring engine.
... to give you the best out-of-the-box experience possible and an easy-to-use multi-honeypot appliance.
While data within docker containers is volatile we do ensure a default 30 day persistence of all relevant honeypot and tool data in the well known /data folder and sub-folders. The persistence configuration may be adjusted in /opt/tpot/etc/logrotate/logrotate.conf. Once a docker container crashes, all other data produced within its environment is erased and a fresh instance is started from the corresponding docker image.
Basically, what happens when the system is booted up is the following:
- start host system
- start all the necessary services (i.e. cockpit, docker, etc.)
- start all docker containers via docker-compose (honeypots, nms, elk, etc.)
Within the T-Pot project, we provide all the tools and documentation necessary to build your own honeypot system and contribute to our Sicherheitstacho.
The source code and configuration files are fully stored in the T-Pot GitHub repository. The docker images are pre-configured for the T-Pot environment. If you want to run the docker images separately, make sure you study the docker-compose configuration (/opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml) and the T-Pot systemd script (/etc/systemd/system/tpot.service), as they provide a good starting point for implementing changes.
The individual docker configurations are located in the docker folder.
Depending on your installation type, whether you install on real hardware or in a virtual machine, make sure your designated T-Pot system meets the following requirements:
-
Honeypots: adbhoney, ciscoasa, conpot, cowrie, dionaea, elasticpot, heralding, honeytrap, mailoney, medpot, rdpy, snare & tanner
-
Tools: cockpit, cyberchef, ELK, elasticsearch head, ewsposter, NGINX, spiderfoot, p0f and suricata
-
6-8 GB RAM (less RAM is possible but might introduce swapping)
-
128 GB SSD (smaller is possible but limits the capacity of storing events)
-
Network via DHCP
-
A working, non-proxied, internet connection
-
Honeypots: adbhoney, ciscoasa, conpot, cowrie, dionaea, elasticpot, heralding, honeytrap, mailoney, medpot, rdpy, snare & tanner
-
Tools: cockpit
-
6-8 GB RAM (less RAM is possible but might introduce swapping)
-
128 GB SSD (smaller is possible but limits the capacity of storing events)
-
Network via DHCP
-
A working, non-proxied, internet connection
-
Honeypots: conpot, cowrie, heralding, medpot, rdpy
-
Tools: cockpit, cyberchef, ELK, elasticsearch head, ewsposter, NGINX, spiderfoot, p0f and suricata
-
6-8 GB RAM (less RAM is possible but might introduce swapping)
-
128 GB SSD (smaller is possible but limits the capacity of storing events)
-
Network via DHCP
-
A working, non-proxied, internet connection
-
Honeypots: heralding
-
Tools: cockpit, cyberchef, ELK, elasticsearch head, ewsposter, NGINX, spiderfoot, p0f and suricata
-
6-8 GB RAM (less RAM is possible but might introduce swapping)
-
128 GB SSD (smaller is possible but limits the capacity of storing events)
-
Network via DHCP
-
A working, non-proxied, internet connection
-
Honeypots: adbhoney, ciscoasa, citrixhoneypot, conpot, cowrie, dionaea, glutton, heralding, honeypy, mailoney, rdpy, snare & tanner
-
Tools: cockpit, cyberchef, ELK, elasticsearch head, ewsposter, fatt, NGINX, spiderfoot, p0f and suricata
-
6-8 GB RAM (less RAM is possible but might introduce swapping)
-
128 GB SSD (smaller is possible but limits the capacity of storing events)
-
Network via DHCP
-
A working, non-proxied, internet connection
The installation of T-Pot is straight forward and heavily depends on a working, transparent and non-proxied up and running internet connection. Otherwise the installation will fail!
Firstly, decide if you want to download our prebuilt installation ISO image from GitHub, create it yourself or post-install on an existing Debian 9.7 (Stretch).
Secondly, decide where you want to let the system run: real hardware or in a virtual machine?
We provide an installation ISO image for download (~50MB), which is created using the same tool you can use yourself in order to create your own image. It will basically just save you some time downloading components and creating the ISO image. You can download the prebuilt installation image from GitHub and jump to the installation section.
For transparency reasons and to give you the ability to customize your install, we provide you the ISO Creator that enables you to create your own ISO installation image.
Requirements to create the ISO image:
- Debian 9.7 or newer as host system (others may work, but remain untested)
- 4GB of free memory
- 32GB of free storage
- A working internet connection
How to create the ISO image:
- Clone the repository and enter it.
git clone https://github.com/dtag-dev-sec/tpotce
cd tpotce
- Invoke the script that builds the ISO image. The script will download and install dependencies necessary to build the image on the invoking machine. It will further download the ubuntu network installer image (~50MB) which T-Pot is based on.
sudo ./makeiso.sh
After a successful build, you will find the ISO image tpot.iso along with a SHA256 checksum tpot.sha256 in your directory.
You may want to run T-Pot in a virtualized environment. The virtual system configuration depends on your virtualization provider.
We successfully tested T-Pot with VirtualBox and VMWare with just little modifications to the default machine configurations.
It is important to make sure you meet the system requirements and assign a virtual harddisk and RAM according to the requirements while making sure networking is bridged.
You need to enable promiscuous mode for the network interface for suricata and p0f to work properly. Make sure you enable it during configuration.
If you want to use a wifi card as a primary NIC for T-Pot, please be aware of the fact that not all network interface drivers support all wireless cards. E.g. in VirtualBox, you then have to choose the "MT SERVER" model of the NIC.
Lastly, mount the tpot.iso ISO to the VM and continue with the installation.
You can now jump here.
If you decide to run T-Pot on dedicated hardware, just follow these steps:
- Burn a CD from the ISO image or make a bootable USB stick using the image.
Whereas most CD burning tools allow you to burn from ISO images, the procedure to create a bootable USB stick from an ISO image depends on your system. There are various Windows GUI tools available, e.g. this tip might help you.
On Linux or MacOS you can use the tool dd or create the USB stick with T-Pot's ISO Creator. - Boot from the USB stick and install.
Please note: While we are performing limited tests with the Intel NUC platform other hardware platforms remain untested. We can not provide hardware support of any kind.
In some cases it is necessary to install Debian 9.7 (Stretch) on your own:
- Cloud provider does not offer mounting ISO images.
- Hardware setup needs special drivers and / or kernels.
- Within your company you have to setup special policies, software etc.
- You just like to stay on top of things.
The T-Pot Universal Installer will upgrade the system and install all required T-Pot dependencies.
Just follow these steps:
git clone https://github.com/dtag-dev-sec/tpotce
cd tpotce/iso/installer/
./install.sh --type=user
The installer will now start and guide you through the install process.
You can also let the installer run automatically if you provide your own tpot.conf. An example is available in tpotce/iso/installer/tpot.conf.dist. This should make things easier in case you want to automate the installation i.e. with Ansible.
Just follow these steps while adjusting tpot.conf to your needs:
git clone https://github.com/dtag-dev-sec/tpotce
cd tpotce/iso/installer/
cp tpot.conf.dist tpot.conf
./install.sh --type=auto --conf=tpot.conf
The installer will start automatically and guide you through the install process.
Located in the cloud folder.
Currently there are examples with Ansible & Terraform.
If you would like to contribute, you can add other cloud deployments like Chef or Puppet or extend current methods with other cloud providers.
You can find an Ansible based T-Pot deployment in the cloud/ansible folder.
The Playbook in the cloud/ansible/openstack folder is reusable for all OpenStack clouds out of the box.
It first creates all resources (security group, network, subnet, router), deploys a new server and then installs and configures T-Pot.
You can have a look at the Playbook and easily adapt the deploy role for other cloud providers.
You can find Terraform configuration in the cloud/terraform folder.
This can be used to launch a virtual machine, bootstrap any dependencies and install T-Pot in a single step.
Configuration for Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Open Telekom Cloud (OTC) is currently included.
This can easily be extended to support other Terraform providers.
The installation requires very little interaction, only a locale and keyboard setting have to be answered for the basic linux installation. The system will reboot and please maintain the active internet connection. The T-Pot installer will start and ask you for an installation type, password for the tsec user and credentials for a web user. Everything else will be configured automatically. All docker images and other componenents will be downloaded. Depending on your network connection and the chosen installation type, the installation may take some time. During our tests (250Mbit down, 40Mbit up), the installation was usually finished within a 15-30 minute timeframe.
Once the installation is finished, the system will automatically reboot and you will be presented with the T-Pot login screen. On the console you may login with:
- user: [tsec or user] you chose during one of the post install methods
- pass: [password] you chose during the installation
All honeypot services are preconfigured and are starting automatically.
You can login from your browser and access the Admin UI: https://<your.ip>:64294 or via SSH to access the command line: ssh -l tsec -p 64295 <your.ip>
- user: [tsec or user] you chose during one of the post install methods
- pass: [password] you chose during the installation
You can also login from your browser and access the Web UI: https://<your.ip>:64297
- user: [user] you chose during the installation
- pass: [password] you chose during the installation
Make sure your system is reachable through a network you suspect intruders in / from (i.e. the internet). Otherwise T-Pot will most likely not capture any attacks, other than the ones from your internal network! We recommend you put it in an unfiltered zone, where all TCP and UDP traffic is forwarded to T-Pot's network interface. However to avoid fingerprinting you can put T-Pot behind a firewall and forward all TCP / UDP traffic in the port range of 1-64000 to T-Pot while allowing access to ports > 64000 only from trusted IPs.
A list of all relevant ports is available as part of the Technical Concept
Basically, you can forward as many TCP ports as you want, as honeytrap dynamically binds any TCP port that is not covered by the other honeypot daemons.
In case you need external Admin UI access, forward TCP port 64294 to T-Pot, see below. In case you need external SSH access, forward TCP port 64295 to T-Pot, see below. In case you need external Web UI access, forward TCP port 64297 to T-Pot, see below.
T-Pot requires outgoing git, http, https connections for updates (Debian, Docker, GitHub, PyPi) and attack submission (ewsposter, hpfeeds). Ports and availability may vary based on your geographical location. Also during first install outgoing ICMP is required additionally to find the closest and fastest mirror to you.
For the ones of you who want to live on the bleeding edge of T-Pot development we introduced an update feature which will allow you to update all T-Pot relevant files to be up to date with the T-Pot master branch. If you made any relevant changes to the T-Pot relevant config files make sure to create a backup first.
The Update script will:
- mercilessly overwrite local changes to be in sync with the T-Pot master branch
- upgrade the system to the packages available in Debian (Stable)
- update all resources to be in-sync with the T-Pot master branch
- ensure all T-Pot relevant system files will be patched / copied into the original T-Pot state
- restore your custom ews.cfg and HPFEED settings from
/data/ews/conf
You simply run the update script:
sudo su -
cd /opt/tpot/
./update.sh -y
Despite all our efforts please be reminded that updates sometimes may have unforeseen consequences. Please create a backup of the machine or the files with the most value to your work.
The system is designed to run without any interaction or maintenance and automatically contributes to the community.
We know, for some this may not be enough. So here come some ways to further inspect the system and change configuration parameters.
By default, the SSH daemon allows access on tcp/64295 with a user / password combination and prevents credential brute forcing attempts using fail2ban. This also counts for Admin UI (tcp/64294) and Web UI (tcp/64297) access.
If you do not have a SSH client at hand and still want to access the machine via command line you can do so by accessing the Admin UI from https://<your.ip>:64294, enter
- user: [tsec or user] you chose during one of the post install methods
- pass: [password] you chose during the installation
You can also add two factor authentication to Cockpit just by running 2fa.sh on the command line.
Just open a web browser and connect to https://<your.ip>:64297, enter
- user: [user] you chose during the installation
- pass: [password] you chose during the installation
and Kibana will automagically load. The Kibana dashboard can be customized to fit your needs. By default, we haven't added any filtering, because the filters depend on your setup. E.g. you might want to filter out your incoming administrative ssh connections and connections to update servers.
We included some web based management tools to improve and ease up on your daily tasks.
As mentioned before, the system is designed to be low maintenance. Basically, there is nothing you have to do but let it run.
If you run into any problems, a reboot may fix it 
If new versions of the components involved appear, we will test them and build new docker images. Those new docker images will be pushed to docker hub and downloaded to T-Pot and activated accordingly.
We provide T-Pot in order to make it accessible to all parties interested in honeypot deployment. By default, the captured data is submitted to a community backend. This community backend uses the data to feed Sicherheitstacho.
You may opt out of the submission by removing the # Ewsposter service from /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml:
- Stop T-Pot services:
systemctl stop tpot - Remove Ewsposter service:
vi /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml - Remove the following lines, save and exit vi (
:x!):
# Ewsposter service
ewsposter:
container_name: ewsposter
restart: always
networks:
- ewsposter_local
image: "dtagdevsec/ewsposter:1903"
volumes:
- /data:/data
- /data/ews/conf/ews.ip:/opt/ewsposter/ews.ip
- Start T-Pot services:
systemctl start tpot
Data is submitted in a structured ews-format, a XML stucture. Hence, you can parse out the information that is relevant to you.
We encourage you not to disable the data submission as it is the main purpose of the community approach - as you all know sharing is caring 😍
As an Opt-In it is now possible to also share T-Pot data with 3rd party HPFEEDS brokers.
If you want to share your T-Pot data you simply have to register an account with a 3rd party broker with its own benefits towards the community. You simply run hpfeeds_optin.sh which will ask for your credentials. It will automatically update /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml to deliver events to your desired broker.
The script can accept a config file as an argument, e.g. ./hpfeeds_optin.sh --conf=hpfeeds.cfg
Your current config will also be stored in /data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg where you can review or change it.
Be sure to apply any changes by running ./hpfeeds_optin.sh --conf=/data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg.
No worries: Your old config gets backed up in /data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg.old
Of course you can also rerun the hpfeeds_optin.sh script to change and apply your settings interactively.
As with every development there is always room for improvements ...
Some features may be provided with updated docker images, others may require some hands on from your side.
You are always invited to participate in development on our GitHub page.
- We don't have access to your system. So we cannot remote-assist when you break your configuration. But you can simply reinstall.
- The software was designed with best effort security, not to be in stealth mode. Because then, we probably would not be able to provide those kind of honeypot services.
- You install and you run within your responsibility. Choose your deployment wisely as a system compromise can never be ruled out.
- Honeypots should - by design - may not host any sensitive data. Make sure you don't add any.
- By default, your data is submitted to the community dashboard. You can disable this in the config. But hey, wouldn't it be better to contribute to the community?
Please report any issues or questions on our GitHub issue list, so the community can participate.
We provide the software as is in a Community Edition format. T-Pot is designed to run out of the box and with zero maintenance involved.
We hope you understand that we cannot provide support on an individual basis. We will try to address questions, bugs and problems on our GitHub issue list.
The software that T-Pot is built on uses the following licenses.
GPLv2: conpot, dionaea, honeypy, honeytrap, suricata
GPLv3: adbhoney, elasticpot, ewsposter, fatt, rdpy, heralding, snare, tanner
Apache 2 License: cyberchef, elasticsearch, logstash, kibana, docker, elasticsearch-head
MIT license: ciscoasa, glutton
Other: citrixhoneypot, cowrie, mailoney, Debian licensing
Without open source and the fruitful development community (we are proud to be a part of), T-Pot would not have been possible! Our thanks are extended but not limited to the following people and organizations:
- adbhoney
- apt-fast
- ciscoasa
- citrixhoneypot
- cockpit
- conpot
- cowrie
- debian
- dionaea
- docker
- elasticpot
- elasticsearch
- elasticsearch-head
- ewsposter
- fatt
- glutton
- heralding
- honeypy
- honeytrap
- kibana
- logstash
- mailoney
- medpot
- p0f
- rdpy
- spiderfoot
- snare
- tanner
- suricata
We will be releasing a new version of T-Pot about every 6-12 months.
One of the greatest feedback we have gotten so far is by one of the Conpot developers:
"[...] I highly recommend T-Pot which is ... it's not exactly a swiss army knife .. it's more like a swiss army soldier, equipped with a swiss army knife. Inside a tank. A swiss tank. [...]"