##Git training meetup
Repository for the Meetup "Open source contribution training: Git" on 07/01/2016. See on Meetup.com
####Event description
There are several plans for us to contribute to open source projects at meetup events in the future.
In the meantime let's work on our Git skills in preparation! =)
Git is a widely used version control system which means it helps several people work on a project at the same time.
It's a great tool to master for open source but also professional as well as personal projects.
Open Hatch as several Training missions for contributing to open source.
We'll do the Git mission together.
Before the meetup: Install Git if you don't already have it installed on your laptop.
####Git tutorials
-
For beginners to Git: Try Git is a short intereactive tutorial made by Github.
-
For junior-ish Git users: Using Git tutorial for new contributors to open source by OpenHatch.
####Git exercise
Look for the file exercise.md in this Github repository
####Command-line tutorials
-
Very basic commands: Using the command line shell
-
Basic commands + basic Vim: Intro to bash
-
Basics + more advanced stuffs: The command line crash course
See lightning talk slides here
####About version control
Version control is a system to help keep track of file changes over time. It can be use for code or any other kind of file (text, images...).
Using version control enables you to go back to a previous version of your work, to compare the changes and it can serve as backup.
You would typically have a local version of your work on your computer and a remote repository on a server (a widely used tools for remote repositories is Github).
Read more here.
Git was created by the Linux development community in 2005 as a version control tool for the Linux kernel.
Here are the main property they develop Git on:
- Speed
- Simple design
- Strong support for non-linear development (thousands of parallel branches)
- Fully distributed
- Able to handle large projects like the Linux kernel efficiently (speed and data size)
Git works by taking a snapshot of your files over time and stores a reference to be able to go back to each snapshot if needed.
You can go through all the changes in the history of your project on your local machine so you can work offline.
Git has three main states for your file to be in:
- modified: you have changed the file locally but haven't commited it,
- staged: you have marked the modified file in its current version to go into your next commit snapshot,
- committed: the snapshot is saved and referenced.
Here what a basic Git workflow looks like:
-
You modify files in your working directory.
-
You stage the files, adding snapshots of them to your staging area.
-
You do a commit, which takes the files as they are in the staging area and stores that snapshot permanently to your Git directory.
There are several graphic user interfaces (GUIs) available for Git but it is highly recommanded to learn the basic commands to use on a terminal.
The first thing to do is to initialise a Git repository:
~$ git init
Once you have made changes (file modified) you stage the file:
~$ git add my-name.py
Then you commit your changes:
~$ git commit -m "initial version"
You can update a remote repository:
~$ git push origin master
Note: to start using an existing repository you clone it (usually from a Github project):
~$ git clone https://github.com/user-name/repository-name.git
For more details: check the extensive documentation.
Extra commands
git ls tree Shows a tree object, including the mode and the name of each item and the SHA-1 value of the blob or the tree that it points to. Example: git ls-tree master^{tree} 100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 README