/power

Battery Management System

Power

Current Design

Two independent groups of 3 cells in series.
Nominal voltage: 12.3V
Nominal current: 4000 mAh

The 25R 18650 Li-ion Battery

  • Discharge rate: 2000 mA
  • Range of voltage: 3.6V (EoD) - 4.1V (EoC)
  • Current rating: 2500mAh
  • Max voltage (switch from CV to CC): 4.1V
  • Icc (charging current) = .25 A
  • Max cycle life: 100 cycles
  • Normal capacity: 80% (assumed)
  • Temperature range: -20 - 50 C

System Diagram

bms_system_diagram

Power Distribution

power distribution

Rev1 Schematic *1/2021

rev1_sch

Rev1 PCB Layout and 3D Model *1/2021

rev1_layout rev1_layoutb rev1_3d

Subsystem loads

Subsystem Voltage Current
Solenoid 12.3V 880mA
GPS 3.3V 30mA
Radio 3.3V 50mA at 13dBm
Flight Computer 3.3V
BMS 5V

(Live Power Budget Sheet)[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nH3F-o1HZTds1WetEKFTd1lCUxuCh-wOJmA-jhke28s/edit?usp=sharing]

Firmware

MVP

  • Read temperature from thermistors
  • Read voltage level of each battery
  • Calculate current flowing out of each battery

Goal

  • Trigger safety break of line when temperature rating or voltage level is above threshold
  • Balance cells using voltage readings
  • Display voltage levels
  • Send data via MQTT (or save data to SD)

Requirements

General Rules and Reqs 2019 Design, Test, Eval Guide 2019

Req. ID Requirement Implementation Type
BAT_REQ_04 Battery Life The batteries shall provide at least 2500 mAh of charge to the non-COTS computer power flow Team
BAT_REQ_05 Battery Quantity The battery management board shall manage two separate batteries Team
BAT_REQ_06 Battery Draw The battery management board shall be able to supply an expected maximum of 2000 mA Team
BAT_REQ_07 Maximum Power Draw The battery management board shall not draw more than 250 mA during the mission Team
BAT_REQ_08 Overall Power Draw The battery management board shall not draw more than 100 mAh over the course of the mission Team

Design Reviews

Design Review 1: Initial design validation for cell balancing, charging, and discharging *12/2019

Design Review 2: Process design review touching on integration of ATMEGA, safety switches, and voltage distribution/regulation *12/2020

Rev 2 Plans

  • USB input
  • Power supply input
  • Lin Reg for power input
  • 10k pull up resistor on RESET of Atmega16
  • Switch to non-smd or ATMEGA328
  • Voltage difference monitored instead of direct analog to avoid 5.5V maximum

Ordering PCBs From JLCPCB

For ordering the boards, go to JLCPCB.com, and click on "Quote Now" button.

jlcpcb quote

JLCPCB (ShenzhenJLC Electronics Co., Ltd.), is the largest PCB prototype enterprise in China, and a high-tech manufacturer specializing in quick PCB prototype and small-batch PCB production. You can order a minimum of 5 PCBs for just $2.

First: Upload the gerber files for the board by clicking the "Add gerber file" button. You’ll notice a message at the bottom if the file is successfully uploaded.

jlcpbc gerber

A correctly uploaded gerber folder renders the board as follows:

jlcpcb render

Second: In order to get the board assembled (optional, based on the project requirements), select the "SMT Assembly option. It is important to select the side of the PCB that needs to be assembled, as well as the quantity for SMT. Press the "Confirm" button, then press the "Next" button.

jlcpcb smt

Third: upload the BOM (Bill of Material) and CPL (Component Placement List) files and click the "Next" button. It is necessary to make sure that each of these files follow the jlcpcb specified BOM and CPL formats, respectively:

Note: If there is an issue with the BOM/CPL formatting, the the page will keep erroring out until it is resolved.

jlcpcb bom

Fourth: The parts are automatically detected through the uploaded BOM. They are also matched against jlcpcb's in-stock parts. It is important to go through each row and confirm if the auto-detected parts are the desired parts. Some parts will remain undetected if they cannot be assembled through SMT and require manual assembly post-deilvery.

jlcpcb parts

Fifth: The website renders an assembled board using the CPL file. This feature can be used to review the placement of the components (including orientation). Once carefull reviewed, the next step is to download a list of parts remaining to be assembled towards the bottom of this page view. It is important to place an order for the remaining components to be manually assembled upon delivery.

jlcpcb review

Sixth: Click on the “Save to Cart” button. Then, click on the "Secure Checkout" button.

jlcpcb checkout

Last: Add the payment details and choose the suitable delivery method (this includes FedEx, DHL, and standard mail options). Then, place the order.

Optional: To review the production status of the board, click on the "Order History" button under username. Then, click on In Production > view progress to obtain timestamps for each of the production steps in real time.

jlcpcb production

jlcpcb production progress

Questions and Considerations