3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Speaker Verification - Official Project Page
Table of Contents
This repository contains the Pytorch code release for our paper titled as "Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks". The link to the paper is provided as well.
The code has been developed using Pytorch. The input pipeline must be prepared by the users. This code is aimed to provide the implementation for Speaker Verification (SR) by using 3D convolutional neural networks following the SR protocol.
Citation
If you used this code, please kindly consider citing the following paper:
@article{torfi2017text,
title={Text-independent speaker verification using 3d convolutional neural networks},
author={Torfi, Amirsina and Nasrabadi, Nasser M and Dawson, Jeremy},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09422},
year={2017}
}General View
We leveraged 3D convolutional architecture for creating the speaker model in order to simultaneously capturing the speech-related and temporal information from the speakers' utterances.
Speaker Verification Protocol(SVP)
In this work, a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) architecture has been utilized for text-independent speaker verification in three phases.
1. At the development phase, a CNN is trained to classify speakers at the utterance-level.
2. In the enrollment stage, the trained network is utilized to directly create a speaker model for each speaker based on the extracted features.
3. Finally, in the evaluation phase, the extracted features from the test utterance will be compared to the stored speaker model to verify the claimed identity.
The aforementioned three phases are usually considered as the SV protocol. One of the main challenges is the creation of the speaker models. Previously-reported approaches create speaker models based on averaging the extracted features from utterances of the speaker, which is known as the d-vector system.
How to leverage 3D Convolutional Neural Networks?
In our paper, we propose the implementation of 3D-CNNs for direct speaker model creation in which, for both development and enrollment phases, an identical number of speaker utterances is fed to the network for representing the spoken utterances and creation of the speaker model. This leads to simultaneously capturing the speaker-related information and building a more robust system to cope with within-speaker variation. We demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the d-vector verification system.
Dataset
Unlike the Original Implementaion, here we used the VoxCeleb publicy available dataset. The dataset contains annotated audio files. For Speaker Verification, the parts of the audio associated with the subject of interest, however, must be extracted from the raw audio files.
Three steps should be taken to prepare the data after downloading the data associated files.
- Extract the specific audio part that the subject of interest is speaking.[extract_audio.py]
- Create train/test phase.[create_phases.py]
- Voice Activity Detection to remove the silence. [vad.py]
Creating the dataset object, necessary preprocessing and feature extraction will be performed in the following data class:
class AudioDataset():
"""Audio dataset."""
def __init__(self, files_path, audio_dir, transform=None):
"""
Args:
files_path (string): Path to the .txt file which the address of files are saved in it.
root_dir (string): Directory with all the audio files.
transform (callable, optional): Optional transform to be applied
on a sample.
"""
# self.sound_files = [x.strip() for x in content]
self.audio_dir = audio_dir
self.transform = transform
# Open the .txt file and create a list from each line.
with open(files_path, 'r') as f:
content = f.readlines()
# you may also want to remove whitespace characters like `\n` at the end of each line
list_files = []
for x in content:
sound_file_path = os.path.join(self.audio_dir, x.strip().split()[1])
try:
with open(sound_file_path, 'rb') as f:
riff_size, _ = wav._read_riff_chunk(f)
file_size = os.path.getsize(sound_file_path)
# Assertion error.
assert riff_size == file_size and os.path.getsize(sound_file_path) > 1000, "Bad file!"
# Add to list if file is OK!
list_files.append(x.strip())
except:
print('file %s is corrupted!' % sound_file_path)
# Save the correct and healthy sound files to a list.
self.sound_files = list_files
def __len__(self):
return len(self.sound_files)
def __getitem__(self, idx):
# Get the sound file path
sound_file_path = os.path.join(self.audio_dir, self.sound_files[idx].split()[1]Code Implementation
The input pipeline must be provided by the user. Please refer to ``code/0-input/input_feature.py`` for having an idea about how the input pipeline works.
Input Pipeline for this work
The MFCC features can be used as the data representation of the spoken utterances at the frame level. However, a drawback is their non-local characteristics due to the last DCT 1 operation for generating MFCCs. This operation disturbs the locality property and is in contrast with the local characteristics of the convolutional operations. The employed approach in this work is to use the log-energies, which we call MFECs. The extraction of MFECs is similar to MFCCs by discarding the DCT operation. The temporal features are overlapping 20ms windows with the stride of 10ms, which are used for the generation of spectrum features. From a 0.8- second sound sample, 80 temporal feature sets (each forms a 40 MFEC features) can be obtained which form the input speech feature map. Each input feature map has the dimen- sionality of ζ × 80 × 40 which is formed from 80 input frames and their corresponding spectral features, where ζ is the number of utterances used in modeling the speaker during the development and enrollment stages.
The speech features have been extracted using [SpeechPy] package.
Implementation of 3D Convolutional Operation
The following script has been used for our implementation:
self.conv11 = nn.Conv3d(1, 16, (4, 9, 9), stride=(1, 2, 1))
self.conv11_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(16)
self.conv11_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv12 = nn.Conv3d(16, 16, (4, 9, 9), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv12_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(16)
self.conv12_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv21 = nn.Conv3d(16, 32, (3, 7, 7), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv21_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(32)
self.conv21_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv22 = nn.Conv3d(32, 32, (3, 7, 7), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv22_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(32)
self.conv22_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv31 = nn.Conv3d(32, 64, (3, 5, 5), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv31_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(64)
self.conv31_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv32 = nn.Conv3d(64, 64, (3, 5, 5), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv32_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(64)
self.conv32_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()
self.conv41 = nn.Conv3d(64, 128, (3, 3, 3), stride=(1, 1, 1))
self.conv41_bn = nn.BatchNorm3d(128)
self.conv41_activation = torch.nn.PReLU()As it can be seen, slim.conv2d has been used. However, simply by using 3D kernels as [k_x, k_y, k_z]
and stride=[a, b, c] it can be turned into a 3D-conv operation. The base of the slim.conv2d is
tf.contrib.layers.conv2d. Please refer to official Documentation for further details.
License
The license is as follows:
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Copyright {2017} {Amirsina Torfi}
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.Please refer to LICENSE file for further detail.
Contribution
We are looking forward to your kind feedback. Please help us to improve the code and make our work better. For contribution, please create the pull request and we will investigate it promptly. Once again, we appreciate your feedback and code inspections.
references
| [SpeechPy] | Amirsina Torfi. 2017. astorfi/speech_feature_extraction: SpeechPy. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.810392. |