The ruby_sscanf gem monkey patches the String class to support the sscanf instance method. This method is modeled after the POSIX "C" standard sscanf but with alterations and omissions to suit the Ruby programming language.
It is noteworthy that this gem never was intended to be 100% compatible with the built in scanf library. Some differences are:
- It deals only with strings and not IO objects.
- It adds formats for rational, complex, and quoted string data.
- It adds formats with embedded regular expression specifications.
- It adopts a more uniform approach to eating (or not eating) superfluous spaces.
- Unsigned integer data are not allowed to be negative.
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'ruby_sscanf'And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install ruby_sscanf
The ruby_sscanf gem itself is found at: ( https://rubygems.org/gems/ruby_sscanf )
The basic usage for sscanf is:
"<input string>".sscanf("<format string>")Where the input string is a collection of formatted information and the format string is a description of that format. The output of the sscanf method is an array of data extracted from the input string.
The format string consists of literal string components and format specifiers. During execution of the sscanf method, each element in the format string is used to find the corresponding data in the input string, optionally placing the extracted data in the aforementioned output array. If a format element cannot be matched to input data, processing stops at that point. Otherwise processing continues until all the format elements are done.
Literal string components match themselves in the input string. If the literal has a trailing space, then this matches zero or more spaces. The backslash character is used as a quoting character. Thus \\ is processed as a single \. The special sequence '%%' matches one '%' in the input string. This is equivalent to the sequence \%.
The layouts of a format specifier are:
%[skip_flag][width]format
%[skip_flag][[min_width,]max_width]set
%[skip_flag]regex[options]
- The % sign is the lead-in character.
- The optional skip flag, the *, causes any data extracted to be ignored.
- The width field is an integer that determines the amount of text to be parsed. Note that a .precision field may be specified, but it is ignored.
- The format field determines the type of data being parsed.
- The min_width is the minimum allowed run of characters in the set.
- The max_width is the maximum allowed run of characters in the set.
- The set field is a regular expression style [...] set.
- The regex field is a full blown regular expression followed by options.
The supported format field values are:
- a,e,f,g,A,E,F,G - Scan for an (optionally signed) floating point or scientific notation number.
- b - Scan for an (optionally signed) binary number with an optional leading '0b' or '0B'.
- c - Grab the next character. If a positive width is specified, grab width characters. For a negative width, grab characters to the position from the end of the input. For example a width of -1 will grab all of the remaining input data.
- d - Scan for an (optionally signed) decimal number.
- i - Scan for an (optionally signed) integer. If the number begins with '0x' or '0X', process hexadecimal; with '0b' or '0B', process binary, if '0', '0o', or '0O', process octal, else process decimal.
- j - Scan for an (optionally signed) complex number in the form [+-]?float[+-]float[ij]
- o - Scan for an (optionally signed) octal number with an optional leading '0', '0o' or '0O'.
- q - Scan for a quoted string. That is a string enclosed by either '...' or "...".
- r - Scan for an (optionally signed) rational number in the form [+-]?decimal/decimal[r]?
- s - Scan for a space terminated string.
- u - Scan for a decimal number.
- x,X - Scan for an (optionally signed) hexadecimal number with an optional leading '0x' or '0X'.
- [chars] - Scan for a contiguous string of characters in the set [chars].
- [^chars] - Scan for a contiguous string of characters not in the set [^chars]
- /regex/ - Scan for a string matching the regular expression. This may be followed by one or more optional flags. Supported flags are i, m, and x. Limitation: zero width (positive or negative) look behind assertions (?<= ) and (?<! ) are not supported at this time.
Here are a few examples of the sscanf method in action.
"12 34 -56".sscanf "%d %2d %4d"
returns [12, 34, -56]
"255 0b11111111 0377 0xFF 0 ".sscanf "%i %i %i %i %i"
returns [255, 255, 255, 255, 0]
"7 10 377".sscanf "%o %o %o"
returns [7, 8, 255]
"10 10011 11110000".sscanf "%b %b %b"
returns [2, 19, 240]
"0 F FF FFF FFFF".sscanf "%x %x %x %x %x"
returns [0, 15, 255, 4095, 65535]
"Hello Silly World".sscanf "%s %*s %s"
returns ["Hello", "World"]
"Hello Silly World".sscanf "%5c %*5c %5c"
returns ["Hello", "World"]
"42 The secret is X".sscanf "%i %-1c"
returns [42, "The secret is X"]
"42 The secret is X".sscanf "%i %-2c%c"
returns [42, "The secret is ", "X"]
"42 The secret is X".sscanf "%i %*-2c%c"
returns [42, "X"]
"9.99 1.234e56 -1e100".sscanf "%f %f %f"
returns [9.99, 1.234e56, -1e100]
"85% 75%".sscanf "%f%% %f%%"
returns [85, 75]
"12 34 -56".sscanf "%u %u %u"
returns [12, 34]
"1/2 3/4r -5/6".sscanf "%r %r %r"
returns ['1/2'.to_r, '3/4'.to_r, '-5/6'.to_r]
"1+2i 3+4j -5e10-6.2i".sscanf "%j %j %j"
returns [Complex('1+2i'), Complex('3+4j'), Complex('-5e10-6.2i')]
"'quote' 'silly' \"un quote\" 'a \\'' ".sscanf "%q %*q %q %q"
returns ["quote", "un quote", "a '"]
"a b c".sscanf "%[a] %[b] %[c]"
returns ["a", "b", "c"]
"a abbccc acbcad".sscanf "%/A/i %/a+b+c+/ %/([ab][cd])+/"
returns ["a", "abbccc", "acbcad"]
" 1234i ".sscanf(" %/\\d+/\\i")
returns ["1234"]When a string is parsed, there may be some text at the end of the string that is not parsed. It is possible to retrieve this text using the following:
String.sscanf_unparsedNote: Since the ruby_sscanf gem is designed to be thread safe, each thread has its own copy of the unparsed text.
A test bed for experimenting with the ruby_sscanf gem is available as a rake task:
$ rake console
I ran a test just to make sure that ruby_sscanf was not terribly under-performant when compared to the ruby standard library version. I was pleased to see that in fact ruby_sscanf was faster. Here are the results:
This benchmark test was run under:
- ruby 2.1.6p336 (2015-04-13 revision 50298) [i386-mingw32]
- format_engine version = 0.7.2
Warming up --------------------------------------
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf
1.734k i/100ms
Scan strings with scanf
309.000 i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf
17.926k (± 0.6%) i/s - 90.168k
Scan strings with scanf
3.123k (± 0.6%) i/s - 15.759k
Comparison:
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf: 17925.7 i/s
Scan strings with scanf: 3123.0 i/s - 5.74x slower
This benchmark test was run under:
- ruby 2.3.3p222 (2016-11-21 revision 56859) [i386-mingw32]
- format_engine version = 0.7.7
Warming up --------------------------------------
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf
1.632k i/100ms
Scan strings with scanf
288.000 i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf
17.402k (± 0.6%) i/s - 88.128k in 5.064426s
Scan strings with scanf
2.908k (± 0.3%) i/s - 14.688k in 5.050854s
Comparison:
Scan strings with ruby_sscanf: 17402.1 i/s
Scan strings with scanf: 2908.1 i/s - 5.98x slower
- Fork it ( https://github.com/PeterCamilleri/ruby_sscanf/fork )
- Create your feature branch (
git checkout -b my-new-feature) - Commit your changes (
git commit -am 'Add some feature') - Push to the branch (
git push origin my-new-feature) - Create a new Pull Request
Go to the GitHub repository and raise an issue calling attention to some aspect that could use some TLC or a suggestion or an idea.
The gem is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.
Everyone interacting in the fully_freeze project’s codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms and mailing lists is expected to follow the code of conduct.