Dappicom — NES Emulation in Noir
Dappicom is a provable Nintendo Entertainment System emulator written in Noir and Rust. Practically, this is a ZKVM which supports the MOS 6502 instruction set and a few NES specific quirks. The ZKVM is built in Noir (we heard you liked ZKVMs, so we put a ZKVM in your ZKVM).
The project is in its early stages. There is a structure laid out that should make collaboration easy, moving forward. As with all "architecting" there will be gaps that will get filled in as the project matures.
Hopefully, it means you can play NES ROMs on your local machine and then prove outcomes of that gameplay onchain to trigger downstream rewards/consequences. That's the end goal.
Using zero knowledge to prove off-chain compute effectively brings the result of that compute onto the blockchain when it is verified. Think of what you might want to do with NES gameplay when it's composable, permissionless and trustless.
Mainly because emulating the MOS 6502 is fun, and we care about the intersection of ZK and game worlds. But really, a whole bunch of reasons!
- Dappicom could bootstrap the onchain game catalog with retro games. Today (and despite enormous industry hype) there’s a dearth of actual onchain gaming content. Onchain games also come with a crypto learning curve. Playing NES games is simple, and there is a large catalog of ROMs. (Legally, we want to flag at this point that any ROMs you play on a NES emulator should be your legitimately-owned ROMs!)
- Dappicom widens the appeal of onchain games beyond a crypto-native audience. Dappicom doesn’t require a token and nor does it fit the play-to-earn model, which has a controversial reputation in gaming. To prove out the fully-onchain gaming category we need to cross the chasm beyond gamers who play games just to earn tokens. Dappicom could appeal to the retro gaming scene beyond crypto.
- Dappicom illustrates the power of provable gaming. Proving speedruns with hidden strategies has never been done before. Speedruns are often contested - for example, Dream’s controversial Minecraft speedrun. You can’t argue with maths, though.
- Dappicom can level-up developers in Noir. Noir and other ZK DSLs will be imporant parts of the future internet stack; it’s important to get developers up to speed. The project comes with plenty of documentation to get someone contributing right away. There will be extra material discussing best practices when writing Noir code.
- Dappicom stretches Noir in powerful ways. Dappicom shows that Noir has ambitions beyond being a DSL for Aztec protocol, and also has significant performance needs for Noir to match.
Read more about this project on Substack.
See roadmap and product flow technical explainer
That's great! We are actively seeking contributions and are grateful for your support. Please see the contribution guidelines to get started.
The NES emulator will require modifications to output the transcript and snapshot its state in a format most suitable for proving. In the interest of developer velocity, we have gone ahead and copied the tetanes project code into this repository.
Performance is nearly 60fps when using the release build. When running the binary, you can load a test_rom or play the freeware roms in play_rom
Then build the emulator (tetanes)
cd emulator
# make sure you have these installed
brew install sdl2 sdl2_gfx sdl2_image sdl2_mixer sdl2_ttf
cargo build
cargo run
If cargo buildfails with ld: library not found for -lSDL2 look at PistonDevelopers/rust-empty#175
For Linux users with linker issues , download the tar.gz file with the latest version from here and follow the procedure.
tar xvf SDL2-2.0.30.tar.gz
cd SDL2-2.0.30
./configure
make
sudo make install
To make sure linker is pointing to the newly downloaded library during runtime add this line to .bashrc .
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
Open a new terminal session and build/run again after cleaning the previous build.
Noir circuits should have tests being written for them. For those circuits that do have tests you can run them by installing Noir and then in the root folder for example (/circuits/cpu) run:
nargo test
Thanks to lukexor for open-sourcing their tetanes project, which is a feature rich NES emulator written in Rust.
Thanks to nesdev.org — an incredible resource, practically the single resource for all things NES.
Thanks to bugzmanov for their wonderful write-up on NES emulation in Rust and provided example code. This is a great beginners guide into writing a NES emulator in Rust.
Thanks to Frank Laub at Risc0 for discussions on ZKVM design and feedback on proving MOS 6502 execution.
Shoutout to Paco Bytes' version of onchain NES with precompiles and also Nalin's Game Boy emulation that used fraud proofs.
This project is funded by an Aztec grant. Without them it wouldn't happen :)
Illustration made by Hi-Bred and may only be used in this project.
Disclaimer: much like nesdev.org, Dappicom is not affiliated with Nintendo and is not for profit. Any ROMs used on any NES emulator should be your legitimately-owned ROMs.