MWDictionaryAPI

Information

MWDictionaryAPI provides some simple wrapper for one to start using Merriam Webster Developer API. The difficult thing about the API is its response, which is in XML formatted for presentation rather than programatic access.

The bulk of this gem consists of a parser to help parse the results and reconcile some inconsistencies. I am not aiming to be complete in terms of translating response to ruby objects, but rather pulling in most of the useful and relevant data associated with normal usage of dictionary.

If there are things that you need that are not covered, hopefully you will find the parser class to be easy to extend as that's how this gem was written (see the "Extending the parser" section below). Then let me know and I will be happy to put them in.

Finally, at this point, only the "sd4" product (a designation for 9-11th grade students) has been tested. Nevertheless it's probably safe to use this with the "collegiate", "sd2", "sd3", and "learners" products as well, as the definition for the XML nodes are very similar.

How to use

Install the gem

gem install mw_dictionary_api

Register and get your API_KEY and jot down the product type

Go to their website and obtain the API_KEY and product type. For now only sd4 is tested. collegiate should work as well. To determine the type of product, notice the API Request URL on their developer site. The product type is the lower case value of the segment in the URL as follows:

http://www.dictionaryapi.com/api/v1/references/{sd4}/xml/hypocrite?key=...

Create a new new client and query away

require 'mw_dictionary_api'

client = MWDictionaryAPI::Client.new(ENV['MW_SD4_API_KEY'])
result = client.search("one")

To read the content you can do the following

puts result.entries # => an array of hashes, each present an entry

# when your search is slightly off, you will get a list of suggestions
# result.entries.count should be 0
puts result.suggestions 

# for convenience
puts result.to_hash
puts result.to_json

To use other types of dictionaries

client = MWDictionaryAPI::Client.new(ENV['MW_COLLEGIATE_API_KEY'], api_type: "collegiate")

# or change it after client has been created
client.api_type = "sd4"
client.api_key = ENV['MW_SD4_API_KEY']

Customization

Caching

To avoid going over your request limit and provide faster response, responses are cached in memory

client.search('one') # first time hits the api
client.search('one') # fetched directly from memory

# to force the update of the cache
client.search('one', update_cache: true)

# you can also skip the cache for all requests
MWDictionaryAPI::Client.cache = nil
client.search('one') # fetches from web again

Implementing your own cache is easy as well. All you need to do is provide a class that implements #find(term), #add(term, response), #remove(term), and optionally #clear methods. You can easily adapt activerecord to semi-persist somewhere.

The following is actually the memory implementation used by default:

class SimpleCache

  def self.find(term)
    cache[term]
  end

  def self.add(term, result)
    cache[term] = result
  end

  def self.remove(term)
    cache.delete(term)
  end

  # following methods are optional
  def self.clear
    cache.clear
  end

  def self.cache
    @cache ||= {}
  end
end

MWDictionaryAPI::Client.cache = SimpleCache

Extending the parser

At its core this gem uses a few different parser objects to parse the result. The response from Merriam Webster is a list of <entry> elements. Therefore the default top level parser is implemented as follows

module MWDictionaryAPI
  module Parsers
    class ResultParser
      include MWDictionaryAPI::Parsable

      rule :entries do |data, opts| # entries is the key
        data.css("entry").inject([]) do |entries, xml_entry|
          parser = Parsers::EntryParser.new(api_type: opts[:api_type], response_format: opts[:response_format])
          entries << parser.parse(xml_entry)
          entries
        end
      end

      ...
    end
  end
end

The Parsable module allows you to use the rule macro. For now, please refer to the source code on how to use (or actually the spec/features/general_spec.rb is probably the best place to start).

You can extend the parser functionalities by

reopening the MWDictionaryAPI::Parsers::ResultParser
or create your own by extending or create from scratch

class MyParser < MWDictionaryAPI::Parsers::ResultParser
  ...
end

# or 

class MyParser
  include MWDictionaryAPI::Parsable
  ...
end

If you create your own, you can use them in 2 ways:

MWDictionaryAPI::Client.parser_class = MyParser # configure before hand

# or

client.search("one", parser_class: MyParser)

Note that any rules defined by the parent class are inherited. Nevertheless any rules either defined by the parent or the same class is overwritten if you use the same key.

If you see problems

That's it. Please get in touch with me via github and let me know if you find any problems. I will be happy to fix it.

Pugio/mw_dictionary_api