It has been recently shown that deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), deep belief networks (DBN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), exhibited remarkable ability in modeling and representing fMRI data for the understanding of functional activities and networks because of their superior data representation capability and wide availability of effective deep learning tools. For example, spatial and/or temporal patterns of functional brain activities embedded in fMRI data can be effectively characterized and modeled by a variety of CNN/DBN/RNN deep learning models as shown in recent studies. However, it has been rarely investigated whether it is possible to directly infer hierarchical brain networks from volumetric fMRI data using generative deep learning models such as DBN. The perceived difficulties of such studies include very large number of input variables, very large number of training parameters, the lack of effective software tools, the challenge of results interpretation and etc. To bridge these gaps, we designed a novel volumetric sparse deep belief network (VS-DBN) model and implemented it through the popular Tensorflow open source platform to reconstruct hierarchical brain networks from volumetric fMRI data based on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) 900 subjects release. Our experimental results showed that a large number of interpretable and meaningful brain networks can be robustly reconstructed from HCP 900 subjects in a hierarchical fashion, and importantly, these brain networks exhibit reasonably good consistence and correspondence across multiple HCP task-based fMRI datasets. Our works contributed a new general deep learning framework for inferring multiscale volumetric brain networks and offered new insights into the hierarchical organization of functional brain architecture.