QuickTile

Keyboard-driven Window Tiling for your existing X11 window manager

Requirements:

An X11-based desktop (The code expects NETWM hints and X11-style window decorations)
Python 2.x (Tested with 2.5 on 2011-09-10. Developed on 2.7)
PyGTK 2.2 (assuming get_active_window() isn't newer than that)
python-wnck
python-xlib (optional, required for key-binding)
dbus-python (optional, required for D-Bus service)

If you are running an APT-based Linux distribution with Debian-compatible package names (like the Ubuntu or Mint family of distros), you can install these dependencies via your package manager by running this command:

sudo apt-get install python python-gtk2 python-xlib python-dbus python-wnck

Due to changes in how GTK+ and X11 are accessed, support for Python 3 is non-trivial and has been delayed by the author's courseload.

Installation (Typical Use)

Make sure the requirements above are satisfied (including python-xlib)
Extract quicktile.py to wherever you want to keep it
Set quicktile.py to be executable if it isn't already
Run quicktile.py once to generate your configuration file
Edit ~/.config/quicktile.cfg to customize your keybinds
Set your desktop to run quicktile.py --daemonize

Note: Customizing the available window shapes currently requires editing the source code (though it's quite simple). This will be remedied when the author has time to decide between extending the standard Python rcfile parser and replacing quicktile.cfg with quicktile.json.

Note: If you want to install QuickTile system-wide and have it auto-start, the standard sudo ./setup.py install command should do the trick. Please let me know if you experience any troubles.

Important Notes:

Some systems may not provide a Python 2.x binary under the name python2. If this is the case on yours, you must edit the first line in quicktile.py accordingly.
If you are running quicktile from a folder that isn't in your PATH, you will need to specify a path like ./quicktile.py to run quicktile.py directly.
If you don't mark quicktile.py as executable, you must run python2 quicktile.py rather than quicktile.py.
You can list your current keybindings by running quicktile.py --show-bindings
You can get a list of valid actions for the configuration file by running quicktile.py --show-actions

Usage (Typical Use)

Focus the window you want to tile
Hold the modifiers defined in ModMask (Ctrl+Alt by default).
Repeatedly press one of the defined keybindings to cycle through window sizes available at the desired location on the screen.

The default keybindings are:

1 through 9 on the numeric keypad represent regions of your screen
0 on the numeric keypad will fully maximize the active window.
H and V will maximize a window horizontally or vertically.
Enter on the numeric keypad will cycle the active window to the next monitor.

This works best when combined with functionality your existing window manager provides (eg. Alt+Tab) to minimize the need to switch your hand between your keyboard and your mouse.

Keybinding Syntax

Both the ModMask field and the [keys] section use GTK+ accelerator syntax and you can use modifier keys in both places. (ModMask is prepended to each [keys] value before parsing it.)

GTK+ modifier syntax looks like this:

<Ctrl><Alt>Delete

The important things to keep in mind for using it are:

Do not put any spaces inside your keybind string.
Modifier names and non-modifier key names are not the same thing.
Modifier names are case-insensitive.
Key names like Down are case-sensitive. (Don't like the letter keys fool you. Those work the way they do because A and a are two separate names for the same key.)

Valid Key Names

GTK+ key names are just X11 key symbols so the simplest way to identify the name for a key is to use the xev command. Just run it in a terminal and press the key you want. It will print out something like this:

KeyPress event, serial 41, synthetic NO, window 0x8400001,
   root 0x291, subw 0x0, time 2976251798, (149,-352), root:(192,460),
   state 0x10, keycode 116 (keysym 0xff54, Down), same_screen YES,
   XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
   XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
   XFilterEvent returns: False

The part I've bolded is the name QuickTile expects.

Troubleshooting xev:

If nothing happens, make sure the xev window (and not the terminal) has focus.
If pressing the key triggers some messages but you do not see one which says KeyPress event, it's likely that some other program has already grabbed that key combination.

Also, in my testing, QuickTile currently fails to bind keys like Super_L (left Windows key) when they've been configured as modifiers. I'll look into this as time permits.

Valid Modifier Names

I haven't found a comprehensive document listing the modifier names gtk.accelerator_parse() accepts, but here are the names I'm aware of with consistent mappings:

Mappings that should be consistent across pretty much any system:
- Control: <Control>, <Ctrl>, <Ctl>, <Primary>
- Shift: <Shift>, <Shft>
- Alt: <Alt>, <Mod1>
Mappings which worked for me but I can't make any guarantees for:
- Windows Key: <Mod4>
- AltGr: <Mod5>
Mappings which are possible but need to be manually set up using setxkbmap and xmodmap:
- <Mod3> (I redefined Caps Lock as Hyper_L and bound it to this)
Modifiers which cause QuickTile to error out deep in python-xlib because GTK+ maps them to integers beyond the limits of the X11 wire protocol:
- <Meta>
- <Super>
- <Hyper>

Advanced Uses

If you want to trigger QuickTile from another application in an efficient manner, make sure you have dbus-python installed and read up on how to send D-Bus messages using either your language's D-Bus bindings or the dbus-send command.
If, for some reason, you want scripted tiling without D-Bus, you can also run commands like quicktile.py top-left but it may be slower as quicktile has to start, perform an action, and then quit every time you call it.

As with the built-in keybinding, requesting the same action more than once in a row will cycle through the available window sizes. For further details, see --help.

Known Bugs

libwnck tries to flood the logging output with Unhandled action type _OB_WM_ACTION_UNDECORATE\n\n messages, which is a bug, and PyGTK doesn't expose the function needed to filter them away. As a result, the best QuickTile can do is pipe its output through grep, leaving a flood of blank lines since grep is finicky about matching them.

Thanks to Thomas Vander Stichele for some of the documentation cleanups.

Rayshawn8/dualquicktile