livre_d-or: A PHP repository from SBerret3301

I'll break down and explain each section of the code for both index.php and submit.php.

index.php

Reading Comments from the Text File

<?php
$filename = 'comments.txt';

// Function to read comments from the text file
function readComments($filename) {
    $comments = [];
    if (file_exists($filename)) {
        $file = fopen($filename, 'r');
        while (($line = fgets($file)) !== false) {
            $comments[] = json_decode($line, true);
        }
        fclose($file);
    }
    return $comments;
}

// Read the comments
$comments = readComments($filename);

// Get the last 5 comments
$lastComments = array_slice($comments, -5);
?>

Explanation:

Variable Declaration: $filename stores the name of the text file where comments are saved.
Function readComments: This function reads the content of comments.txt line by line.
- It checks if the file exists.
- Opens the file for reading.
- Reads each line, decodes the JSON data, and stores it in the $comments array.
- Closes the file.
Read Comments: The $comments array is populated by calling readComments($filename).
Last 5 Comments: array_slice($comments, -5) retrieves the last five comments from the array.

2. HTML Structure and CSS Styling

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fr">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Livre d'or</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
            background-color: #f9f9f9;
            color: #333;
        }
        .guestbook {
            max-width: 600px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 20px;
            background-color: #fff;
            box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        .entry {
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
            padding: 10px 0;
        }
        .entry:last-child {
            border-bottom: none;
        }
        form {
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        form input, form textarea {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            padding: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            border-radius: 4px;
        }
        form button {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            background-color: #5cb85c;
            color: #fff;
            border-radius: 4px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }
        form button:last-child {
            background-color: #007bff;
        }
        form button:hover {
            opacity: 0.9;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="guestbook">
        <h1>Livre d'or</h1>

Explanation:

HTML Structure:
- <!DOCTYPE html> declares the document type.
- <html lang="fr"> sets the language to French.
- <head> contains metadata and includes the character set, viewport settings, and the title.
- <style> section contains CSS for styling the page.
  - Basic styling for the body, container, and form elements.
  - Classes for the guestbook entries and form inputs/buttons.

Displaying Comments and Form

        <form action="submit.php" method="POST">
            <input type="text" name="author" placeholder="Votre nom" required>
            <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Votre email" required>
            <textarea name="text" placeholder="Votre avis" required></textarea>
            <button type="submit" name="action" value="submit">Envoyer</button>
            <button type="submit" name="action" value="show">Afficher les derniers avis</button>
        </form>
        <div id="entries">
            <?php
            if (!empty($lastComments)) {
                foreach ($lastComments as $comment) {
                    echo "<div class='entry'>";
                    echo "<p>" . htmlspecialchars($comment['text']) . "</p>";
                    echo "<p><em>- " . htmlspecialchars($comment['author']) . " (" . htmlspecialchars($comment['email']) . ")</em></p>";
                    echo "<p><small>" . htmlspecialchars($comment['created_at']) . "</small></p>";
                    echo "</div>";
                }
            } else {
                echo "Aucun avis pour le moment.";
            }
            ?>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

Form:
- Contains input fields for the user's name (author), email (email), and comment (text).
- Two buttons: one for submitting the comment (Envoyer) and one for displaying the latest comments (Afficher les derniers avis).
- action="submit.php" directs form submissions to submit.php.
Display Comments:
- The PHP block within the div with id="entries" loops through the last five comments and displays them.
- Each comment is displayed within a div with class entry.
- htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS attacks by escaping special characters.

submit.php

Handling Form Submission

$filename = 'comments.txt';

// Function to read comments from the text file
function readComments($filename) {
    $comments = [];
    if (file_exists($filename)) {
        $file = fopen($filename, 'r');
        while (($line = fgets($file)) !== false) {
            $comments[] = json_decode($line, true);
        }
        fclose($file);
    }
    return $comments;
}

Explanation:

Variable Declaration: $filename stores the name of the text file where comments are saved.
Function readComments: Same as in index.php, reads comments from comments.txt.

Processing the Form Data

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $action = $_POST['action'];

    if ($action == 'submit') {
        $author = htmlspecialchars($_POST['author']);
        $email = htmlspecialchars($_POST['email']);
        $text = htmlspecialchars($_POST['text']);
        
        $newComment = [
            'author' => $author,
            'email' => $email,
            'text' => $text,
            'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
        ];

        // Append the new comment to the text file
        $file = fopen($filename, 'a');
        fwrite($file, json_encode($newComment) . PHP_EOL);
        fclose($file);

        // Redirect to the index page
        header("Location: index.php");
        exit();
    } elseif ($action == 'show') {
        $comments = readComments($filename);
        $lastComments = array_slice($comments, -5);
        include 'index.php';
        exit();
    }
}

Explanation:

Form Handling:
- Checks if the request method is POST.
- Reads the action from the form submission to determine which button was clicked.
Submitting a Comment (action == 'submit'):
- Reads and sanitizes the input fields (author, email, text).
- Creates a new comment array with the current timestamp.
- Appends the new comment to the comments.txt file as a JSON string.
- Redirects back to index.php to show the updated list of comments.
Showing Comments (action == 'show'):
- Reads the comments from the file.
- Extracts the last five comments.
- Includes index.php to display the comments directly.

Conclusion

This setup provides a basic guestbook application using PHP and a text file for storage. The index.php file is responsible for displaying the form and the last five comments, while submit.php handles form submissions and decides whether to append a new comment or display the latest comments. This simple implementation avoids the need for a database, making it easy to set up and maintain for small-scale applications.

SBerret3301/livre_d-or

2. HTML Structure and CSS Styling