Learn Linux

Basic Commands

AWK/CUT

AWK: A powerful text processing tool used to extract and manipulate data in columns based on patterns.
CUT: A command to extract specific sections of lines in a file, often used for cutting out fields or columns.

SED

SED: Stream editor used for parsing and transforming text. It's useful for text substitution, deletion, insertion, and more.

GREP

GREP: A command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression or pattern.

Handy Commands for Efficiency

Command Chaining & Piping

Semicolon ;: Used to run multiple commands sequentially. Each command runs after the previous one completes.
Pipe |: Takes the output of one command and passes it as input to another, allowing for complex command chaining.

System Access & Parallel Processing

SSH: Securely access remote systems over a network to utilize their resources.
Ampersand &: Runs a command in the background, allowing you to continue using the terminal for other tasks.
Nohup: Run a command even after the terminal is closed by detaching it from the session.
Taskset: Set the CPU affinity for a command, assigning it to specific CPU cores for better resource management.

Essential Linux Commands

Starting Points

pwd: Print the current working directory.
uname: Show system information (kernel name, version, etc.).
ls: List directory contents.
top, atop, htop: Monitor system processes and resource usage.

Directory and File Management

mkdir: Create a new directory.
cd: Change the current directory.
rmdir, rm: Remove directories and files.
cat: Concatenate and display file content.
touch: Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.
wc: Count lines, words, and characters in a file.
head, tail: Display the beginning or end of a file.

Advanced Usage

ls -alh: List files with detailed information in human-readable format.
ps aux: Display detailed information about active processes.
clear, ctrl+l: Clear the terminal screen.
locate, find, whereis: Find files or directories on the system.

Fun & Practical Commands

sl: A fun command to display an animated steam locomotive (install it with sudo apt install sl).
history: Display the history of commands entered in the terminal.
kill: Terminate processes by ID.
cp, mv: Copy and move files or directories.
ssh, scp, rsync: Securely transfer files between systems.
df -h: Display disk space usage in a human-readable format.
du: Estimate file and directory space usage.
cmp: Compare two files byte by byte.
sudo: Execute commands with superuser privileges.
apt, snap: Package management commands for installing, updating, and removing software.
chmod: Change file permissions.
free: Display memory usage.

Text Processing

awk, sed, grep: Extract, manipulate, and search text data.
sort: Sort lines of text files.
uniq: Report or omit repeated lines in a file.
tr: Translate or delete characters in text.
cmp: Compare two files and report differences.

System Management

alias, unalias: Create and remove shortcuts for commands.
ifconfig: Display or configure network interfaces.
wget, curl: Download files from the internet.
netstat: Display network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics.

Programming & Compilation

java, g++, gcc: Compile and run Java, C++, and C programs.

Miscellaneous

last -x: Show the last logins on the system.

This guide provides a solid foundation for navigating and utilizing Linux efficiently. Explore these commands and gradually build your expertise!

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