/Operating-system-practice

MIT LicenseMIT

Operating system practice

What is the project mainly about?

This project consists of three parts.

  • The first part is to build the linux kernel for TI OMAP 5912.

What am I going to do?

  • Build cross development toolchain
  • Build linux kernel
    → Check Point 1: uImage
  • Setup tftp server
  • Setup NFS server → Check Point 2: test the services
  • Setup target board
  • Download linux kernel → Check Point 3: test the linux kernel

Fedora Linux

  • The Fedora Project was created in late 2003.
  • I'm using the version 38.
  • Package manager: RPM
  • Update method: yum
    • Password: csie123456
    • Select the language: Taiwan
    • WindowsKey + space to change the input language
    • Activities→ Search: terminal→ to get the terminal
      • Edit→ Profile Preferences→ Colors→ Uncheck "use colors from system theme"
    • Click the icon at the right-top corner for network setting

Setting Network

vi--A Screen-Oriented Text Editor

  • vi is widely supported by Unix-like operating system.
  • Normal mode:
    • Move, search, copy, paste, delete,...
    • Press i, I, a, A, o, O,... to change to the insert mode
    • Press : for the command mode
  • Command mode:
    • Save, quit, load, split, ...
    • After enter the command, it will back to the normal mode
  • Insert mode:
    • Move & input anything
    • Press ESC to go back to the normal mode

vi Commands

  • Press ‘i’ to get the insert mode
  • Key-in anything
  • Press ‘ESC’ to go back to the normal mode
  • Press ‘:->w->q->ENTER’ to save & quit
  • Please search for some trivial of vi & study by yourself

Part I: Build the Linux Kernel for TI OMAP 5912.

Download files

  • Download the tools from the course website and extract the files
  • I will need the following files
    • linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz-> the kernel source code
    • gcc-3.3.2.tar-> some gcc extension for this project
    • mkimage-> some script which is used when compiling kernel
    • rootfsosk.tar.bz2-> the content of the root filesystem
  • I will need root privilege for the following actions.
    • sudo passwd root
    • su (the password is root123456)-> change to root
    • cd /home/csie/LAB1
    • cp linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz /opt/linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz
    • cp gcc-3.3.2.tar /opt/gcc-3.3.2.tar
    • chmod +x mkimage
    • cd /opt
    • tar xvf gcc-3.3.2.tar
    • tar zxvf linux-2.6.12-omap.tgz
    • cp home/csie/LAB1/mkimage /opt/usr/local/arm/3.3.2/bin/mkimage

Prepare the Compiling Environment

  • Set Path
    • export PATH=$PATH:/opt/usr/local/arm/3.3.2/bin-> for every terminal session, before I compile the kernel
    • export LANG=en
  • Install Tools
    • yum -y install gcc-> compiler tools
    • yum -y install glibc.i686-> library for 32-bit Linux Kernel
    • yum -y install minicom-> minicom is the utility for the serial port connection

Build the Linux Kernel

  • Go to the kernel source directory (be the root)
    • cd /opt/linux-2.6.12
  • Set the kernel configuration
    • make omap_osk_5912_deconfig
  • Compile the kernel
    • make uImage
  • Prepare the root filesystem
    • cp /home/csie/LAB1/rootfsosk.tar.bz2 /tmp/rootfsosk.tar.bz2
    • cd /tmp
    • tar jxvf rootfsosk.tar.bz2

Check Point 1

  • Now, I should have the compiled kernel
  • The kernel imags is at: /opt/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/boot/uImage
  • The root filesystem for the evaluation board is at: /tmp/roorfs2.6

Set the Network Services (1/2)

  • Disable the Firewall (it is not a good idea, only for this lab exercise)
    • systemctl stop firewalld
    • systemctl disable firewalld
  • Set the TFTP Service
    • yum -y install tftp-server tftp-> tftp is used to download kernel image
  • vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    • Find disable = yes
    • Change it to disable = no
  • systemctl start tftp.socket
  • systemctl enable tftp.socket
  • dnf install tftp-server tftp -y
  • cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.service
  • cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.socket
  • vi /etc/systemd/system/tftp-server.service
  • systemctl daemon-reload
  • systemctl enable --now tftp-server
  • chmod 777 /var/lib/tftpboot

Set the Network Services (2/2)

  • Set the NFS Service
    • yum -y install nfs-utils-> nfs for the root filesystem
    • vi /etc/exports
      • Add the line /tmp/rootfs2.6 *(rw,fsid=1,no_root_squash)
    • vi /etc/nfs.conf
      • Add the line udp=y
    • exportfs -rv
    • systemctl start rpcbind.service
    • systemctl start nfs-mountd.service

Test the Network Services

  • I need a friend for the following test
    • One be the server and the other be the client
    • Switch the roles & do it again
  • Test TFTP
    • Server side:
      • vi /var/lib/tftpboot/testfile-> and then key something
    • Client side:
      • tftp 192.168.68.xxx (xxx is for the server IP)
      • get testfile
      • quit
      • cat testfile
  • Test NFS
    • Server side:
    • Client side:
      • mkdir /home/csie/nfstest
      • mount -t nfs 192.168.68.xxx:/tmp/rootfs2.6 /home/csie/nfstest
      • cd /home/csie/nfstest
      • ls
      • cd /
      • umount /home/csie/nfstest

Check Point 2

  • Now, I have enabled the TFTP & NFS services on my PC
  • TFTP & NFS are properly working now

Set the Minicom (1/3)

  • Enter the setting menu
    • minicom -s
  • Serial port setup-> press the letter to change it

Set the Minicom (2/3)

  • Modem & dialing

Set the Minicom (3/3)

  • Save & leave the setting interface
  • Start & quit minicom
    • Start minicom
    • Quit CTRL + A -> Q

Prepare for the Booting

  • Copy the boot image for TFTP booting
    • cp /opt/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/boot/uImage /var/lib/tftpboot/uImage
  • Set the evaluation board as follows

Boot the Evaluation Board

  • Start the minicom
    • minicom -s
  • Press the reset button on the board
    • After the reset, immediately press any key on minicom terminal
    • I will get the following prompt

Download the New Kernel

  • Set the boot configuration
    • set ipaddr 192.168.68.yy (evaluation board IP)
    • set serverip 192.168.68.zz (PC IP)
    • set netmask 255.255.255.0
    • set gatewayip 192.168.68.254
    • set ethaddr 00-0e-99-xx-xx-xx
    • set bootargs console=ttyS0, 115200n8 rw ip=192.168.68.yy root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.68.zz:/tmp/rootfs2.6,v3
    • printenv->double check the setting

Boot the New Kernel and Mount the NFS Root Filesystem

  • Download the kernel: tftpboot 0x10000000 uImage
  • Boot the OS: bootm 0x10000000

Done!

Or Bugs!?

Common Mistakes

  • su & export should be used whenever a new terminal is created
    • If I extract the root file system by the user csie, there will be an error when I boot the board to mount the NFS root file system
      • Reboot the computer & do everything again
    • If I do not export the path of the tools, I will get some error when I compile the kernel module
  • Please read the error message if I type