- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
- HTML describes the structure of a Web page
- HTML consists of a series of elements
- HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
- HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
Content goes here... The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them correctly.
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: .
The HTML document itself begins with and ends with .
The visible part of the HTML document is between and .
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
HTML links are defined with the tag The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.
Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML images are defined with the tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.
Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens
he HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Content goes here...
Nested HTML Elements HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).
All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
The
tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag
HTML tags are not case sensitive:
means the same as
.
The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.