Cashier: Tag Based Caching for Rails

Manage your cache keys with tags, forget about keys!

What Is It?

# in your view
cache @some_record, :tag => 'some-component'

# in another view
cache @some_releated_record, :tag => 'some-component'

# can have multiple tags
cache @something, :tag => ['dashboard', 'settings'] # can expire from either tag

# in an observer
Cashier.expire 'some-component' # don't worry about keys! Much easier to sweep with confidence

# in your controller
caches_action :tag => 'complicated-action', :cache_path => proc { |c| 
  # huge complicated mess of parameters
  c.params
}

# need to access the controller?
caches_action :tag => proc {|c|
  # c is the controller
  "users/#{c.current_user.id}/dashboard"      
}

# in your sweeper, in your observers, in your Resque jobs...wherever
Cashier.expire 'complicated-action'
Cashier.expire 'tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3', 'tag4'

# It integrates smoothly with Rails.cache as well, not just the views
Rails.cache.fetch("user_1", :tag => ["users"]) { User.find(1) }
Rails.cache.fetch("user_2", :tag => ["users"]) { User.find(2) }
Rails.cache.fetch("user_3", :tag => ["users"]) { User.find(3) }
Rails.cache.fetch("admins", :tag => ["users"]) { User.where(role: "Admin").all }

# You can then expire all your users 
Cashier.expire "users"

# You can also use Rails.cache.write
Rails.cache.write("foo", "bar", :tag => ["some_tag"])

# what's cached
Cashier.tags

# sweep all stored keys
Cashier.clear

How it Came About

I work on an application that involves all sorts of caching. I try to use action caching whenever I possible. I had an index action that had maybe ~20 different combination of filters and sorting. If you want to use action caching you have to create a unique key for every combination. This created a nice 6 nested loop to expire the cache. Once you had pagination, then you have even more combinations of possible cache keys. I needed a better solution. I wanted to expire things logically as a viewed them on the page. IE, if a record was added, I wanted to say "expire that page". Problem was that page contained ~1000 different keys. So I needed something to store the keys for me and associate them with tags. That's exactly what cashier does. Cache associate individual cache keys with a tag, then expire them all at once. This took my 7 layer loop down to one line of code. It's also made managing the cache throught my application much easier.

Why Tag Based Caching is Useful

You don't worry about keys. How many times have you created a complicated key for a fragment or action then messed up when you tried to expire the cache
Associate your cached content into groups of related content. If you have records that are closely associated or displayed together, then you can tag them and expire them at once.
Expire cached content from anywhere. If you've done any serious development, you know that Rails caching does not work (easily) outside the scope of an HTTP request. If you have background jobs that manipulate data or potentially invalidate cached data, you know how much of a pain it is to say expire_fragment in some random code.
Don't do anything differently! All you have to do is pass :tag => 'something' into cache (in the view) or caches_action in the controller.

How it Works

Cashier hooks into Rails' store_fragment method using alias_method_chain to run some code that captures the key and tag then stores that in the rails cache.

Adapters

Cashier has 2 adapters for the tags storing, :cache_store or :redis_store.

IMPORTANT: this store is ONLY for the tags, your fragments will still be stored in Rails.cache.

Setting an adapter for working with the cache as the tags storage

# config/environment/production.rb

config.cashier.adapter = :cache_store 
# or config.cashier.adapter = :redis_store

Setting an adapter for working with Redis as the tags storage

# config/environment/production.rb
config.cashier.adapter.redis = Redis.new(:host => '127.0.0.1', :port => '3697') # or Resque.redis or any existing redis connection

Why Redis?

The reason Redis was introduced is that while the Rails.cache usage for the tags store is clean and involves no "outer" dependencies, since memcached is limited to read/write, it can slow down the application quite a bit.

If you work with very large arrays of keys and tags, you may see slowness in the cache communication.

Redis was introduces since it has the ability to work with "sets", and you can add/remove tags from this set without reading the entire array.

Benchmarking

Using the cache adapter, this piece of code takes 3 seconds on average

Benchmark.measure do
  500.times do
    key = (0...50).map{ ('a'..'z').to_a[rand(26)] }.join
    tag = (0...50).map{ ('a'..'z').to_a[rand(26)] }.join
    tag2 = (0...50).map{ ('a'..'z').to_a[rand(26)] }.join
    Cashier.store_fragment(key, tag, tag2)
  end
end

Using the Redis adapter, the same piece of code takes 0.8 seconds, quite the difference :)

Notifications

Cashier will send out events when things happen inside the library. The events are sent out through ActiveSupport::Notifications so you can pretty much subscribe to the events from anywhere you want.

Here are the way you can subscribe to the events and use the data from them.

	# Subscribe to the store fragment event, this is fired every time cashier will call the "store_fragment" method
	# payload[:data] will be something like this: ["key", ["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]]
	ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("store_fragment.cashier") do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
				
	end
	
	# Subscribe to the clear event. (no data)
	ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("clear.cashier") do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
				
	end	
	
	# Subscribe to the delete_cache_key event
	# this event will fire every time there's a Rails.cache.delete with the key
	# payload[:data] will be the key name that's been deleted from the cache
	ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("delete_cache_key.cashier") do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
				
	end	

	# Subscribe to the o_write_cache_key event
	# this event will fire every time there's a Rails.cache.write with the key
	# payload[:data] will be the key name that's been written to the cache
	ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("write_cache_key.cashier") do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
				
	end

Notifications use case

At Gogobot we have a plugin to invalidate the external CDN cache on full pages for logged out users. The usage is pretty unlimited.

If you think we're missing a notification, please do open an issue or be awesome and do it yourself and open a pull request.

Contributors

twinturbo - Initial Implementation
KensoDev - Adding Redis support (Again \o/)
KensoDev - Adding plugins support for callback methods

Contributing to Cashier

Check out the latest master to make sure the feature hasn't been implemented or the bug hasn't been fixed yet
Check out the issue tracker to make sure someone already hasn't requested it and/or contributed it
Fork the project
Start a feature/bugfix branch
Commit and push until you are happy with your contribution
Make sure to add tests for it. This is important so I don't break it in a future version unintentionally.
Please try not to mess with the Rakefile, version, or history. If you want to have your own version, or is otherwise necessary, that is fine, but please isolate to its own commit so I can cherry-pick around it.

ScotterC/cashier