Python Notebook answers the following questions based on the paper:
Presentation Slides can be found here
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Implement the normalization function (Equation 10 in Carandini & Heeger, 2012) and show how this function removes redundancy in an input (i.e., by decorrelating the pixels).
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Show how the normalization function induces winner-take-all competition in a population of neurons tuned to different orientations (see Figure 3e in Carandini & Heeger, 2012).
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Implement the adaptation version of normalization (Equation 12 in Carandini & Heeger, 2012) and show how this produces light adaptation in the retina.
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Discuss the empirical evidence for normalization in the visual system.
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Discuss the possible biological mechanisms that could give rise to normalization.
References: Carandini, M. & Heeger, D.J. (2012). Normalization as a canonical neural operation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13, 51-62.