This module implements raw sockets for Node.js.
This module has been created primarily to facilitate implementation of the net-ping module.
This module is installed using node package manager (npm):
# This module contains C++ source code which will be compiled
# during installation using node-gyp. A suitable build chain
# must be configured before installation.
npm install raw-socket
It is loaded using the require() function:
var raw = require ("raw-socket");
Raw sockets can then be created, and data sent using Node.js
Buffer objects:
var socket = raw.createSocket ({protocol: raw.Protocol.None});
socket.on ("message", function (buffer, source) {
console.log ("received " + buffer.length + " bytes from " + source);
});
socket.send (buffer, 0, buffer.length, "1.1.1.1", function (error, bytes) {
if (error)
console.log (error.toString ());
});
The raw sockets exposed by this module support IPv4 and IPv6.
Raw sockets are created using the operating systems socket() function, and
the socket type SOCK_RAW specified.
Raw sockets behave in different ways depending on operating system and version, and may support different socket options.
Some operating system versions may restrict the use of raw sockets to
privileged users. If this is the case an exception will be thrown on socket
creation using a message similar to Operation not permitted (this message
is likely to be different depending on operating system version).
For MAC OS X platforms, when raw socket creation fails, this module will
re-attempt to create a socket using the SOCK_DGRAM socket type for when the
protocol specified is IPPROTO_ICMP before throwing an exception. This
interface on the MAC OS X platform provides non-privileged users access to the
ICMP protocol without requiring root-level access. More information on this
subject can be found in the MAC OS X documentation.
The appropriate operating system documentation should be consulted to understand how raw sockets will behave before attempting to use this module.
Under load raw socket can experience packet loss, this may vary from system to
system depending on hardware. On some systems the SO_RCVBUF socket option to
will help to alleviate packet loss.
Keeping The Node.js Event Loop Alive
This module uses the libuv library to integrate into the Node.js
event loop - this library is also used by Node.js. An underlying
libuv library poll_handle_t event watcher is used to monitor the
underlying operating system raw socket used by a socket object.
All the while a socket object exists, and the sockets close() method has not
been called, the raw socket will keep the Node.js event loop alive
which will prevent a program from exiting.
This module exports four methods which a program can use to control this behaviour.
The pauseRecv() and pauseSend() methods stop the underlying poll_handle_t
event watcher used by a socket from monitoring for readable and writeable
events. While the resumeRecv() and resumeSend() methods start the
underlying poll_handle_t event watcher used by a socket allowing it to
monitor for readable and writeable events.
Each socket object also exports the recvPaused and sendPaused boolean
attributes to determine the state of the underlying poll_handle_t event
watcher used by a socket.
Socket creation can be expensive on some platforms, and the above methods offer an alternative to closing and deleting a socket to prevent it from keeping the Node.js event loop alive.
The Node.js net-ping module offers a concrete example
of using these methods. Since Node.js offers no raw socket support
this module is used to implement ICMP echo (ping) support. Once all ping
requests have been processed by the net-ping module the
pauseRecv() and pauseSend() methods are used to allow a program to exit if
required.
The following example stops the underlying poll_handle_t event watcher used
by a socket from generating writeable events, however since readable events
will still be watched for the program will not exit immediately:
if (! socket.recvPaused)
socket.pauseRecv ();
The following can the be used to resume readable events:
if (socket.recvPaused)
socket.resumeRecv ();
The following example stops the underlying poll_handle_t event watcher used
by a socket from generating both readable and writeable events, if no other
event watchers have been setup (e.g. setTimeout()) the program will exit.
if (! socket.recvPaused)
socket.pauseRecv ();
if (! socket.sendPaused)
socket.pauseSend ();
The following can the be used to resume both readable and writeable events:
if (socket.recvPaused)
socket.resumeRecv ();
if (socket.sendPaused)
socket.resumeSend ();
When data is sent using a sockets send() method the resumeSend() method
will be called if the sockets sendPaused attribute is true, however the
resumeRecv() method will not be called regardless of whether the sockets
recvPaused attribute is true or false.
The following sections describe constants exported and used by this module.
This object contains constants which can be used for the addressFamily
option to the createSocket() function exposed by this module. This option
specifies the IP protocol version to use when creating the raw socket.
The following constants are defined in this object:
IPv4- IPv4 protocolIPv6- IPv6 protocol
This object contains constants which can be used for the protocol option to
the createSocket() function exposed by this module. This option specifies
the protocol number to place in the protocol field of IP headers generated by
the operating system.
The following constants are defined in this object:
None- protocol number 0ICMP- protocol number 1TCP- protocol number 6UDP- protocol number 17ICMPv6- protocol number 58
This object contains constants which can be used for the level parameter to
the getOption() and setOption() methods exposed by this module.
The following constants are defined in this object:
SOL_SOCKETIPPROTO_IPIPPROTO_IPV6
This object contains constants which can be used for the option parameter to
the getOption() and setOption() methods exposed by this module.
The following constants are defined in this object:
SO_RCVBUFSO_RCVTIMEOSO_SNDBUFSO_SNDTIMEOIP_HDRINCLIP_OPTIONSIP_TOSIP_TTLIPV6_TTLIPV6_UNICAST_HOPSIPV6_V6ONLY
The IPV6_TTL socket option is not known to be defined by any operating
system, it is provided in convenience to be synonymous with IPv4
For Windows platforms the following constant is also defined:
IPV6_HDRINCL
For Linux platforms the following constant is also defined:
SO_BINDTODEVICE
Raw sockets are represented by an instance of the Socket class. This
module exports the createSocket() function which is used to create
instances of the Socket class.
The module also exports a number of stubs which call through to a number of
functions provided by the operating system, i.e. htonl().
This module also exports a function to generate protocol checksums.
The createChecksum() function creates and returns a 16 bit one's complement
of the one's complement sum for all the data specified in one or more
Node.js Buffer objects. This is useful for creating checksums for
protocols such as IP, TCP, UDP and ICMP.
The bufferOrObject parameter can be one of two types. The first is a
Node.js Buffer object. In this case a checksum is calculated from
all the data it contains. The bufferOrObject parameter can also be an
object which must contain the following attributes:
buffer- A Node.jsBufferobject which contains data which to generate a checksum foroffset- Skip this number of bytes from the beginning ofbufferlength- Only generate a checksum for this number of bytes inbufferfromoffset
The second parameter type provides control over how much of the data in a
Node.js Buffer object a checksum should be generated for.
When more than one parameter is passed a single checksum is calculated as if the data in in all parameters were in a single buffer. This is useful for when calulating checksums for TCP and UDP for example - where a psuedo header must be created and used for checksum calculation.
In this case two buffers can be passed, the first containing the psuedo header and the second containing the real TCP packet, and the offset and length parameters used to specify the bounds of the TCP packet payload.
The following example generates a checksum for a TCP packet and its psuedo header:
var sum = raw.createChecksum (pseudo_header, {buffer: tcp_packet,
offset: 20, length: tcp_packet.length - 20});
Both buffers will be treated as one, i.e. as if the data at offset 20 in
tcp_packet had followed all data in pseudo_header - as if they were one
buffer.
The writeChecksum() function writes a checksum created by the
raw.createChecksum() function to the Node.js Buffer object
buffer at offsets offset and offset + 1.
The following example generates and writes a checksum at offset 2 in a
Node.js Buffer object:
raw.writeChecksum (buffer, 2, raw.createChecksum (buffer));
The htonl() function converts a 32 bit unsigned integer from host byte
order to network byte order and returns the result. This function is simply
a stub through to the operating systems htonl() function.
The htons() function converts a 16 bit unsigned integer from host byte
order to network byte order and returns the result. This function is simply
a stub through to the operating systems htons() function.
The ntohl() function converts a 32 bit unsigned integer from network byte
order to host byte order and returns the result. This function is simply
a stub through to the operating systems ntohl() function.
The ntohs() function converts a 16 bit unsigned integer from network byte
order to host byte order and returns the result. This function is simply
a stub through to the operating systems ntohs() function.
The createSocket() function instantiates and returns an instance of the
Socket class:
// Default options
var options = {
addressFamily: raw.AddressFamily.IPv4,
protocol: raw.Protocol.None,
bufferSize: 4096,
generateChecksums: false,
checksumOffset: 0
};
var socket = raw.createSocket (options);
The optional options parameter is an object, and can contain the following
items:
addressFamily- Either the constantraw.AddressFamily.IPv4or the constantraw.AddressFamily.IPv6, defaults to the constantraw.AddressFamily.IPv4protocol- Either one of the constants defined in theraw.Protocolobject or the protocol number to use for the socket, defaults to the consantraw.Protocol.NonebufferSize- Size, in bytes, of the sockets internal receive buffer, defaults to 4096generateChecksums- Eithertrueorfalseto enable or disable the automatic checksum generation feature, defaults tofalsechecksumOffset- WhengenerateChecksumsistruespecifies how many bytes to index into the send buffer to write automatically generated checksums, defaults to0
An exception will be thrown if the underlying raw socket could not be created.
The error will be an instance of the Error class.
The protocol parameter, or its default value of the constant
raw.Protocol.None, will be specified in the protocol field of each IP
header.
The close event is emitted by the socket when the underlying raw socket
is closed.
No arguments are passed to the callback.
The following example prints a message to the console when the socket is closed:
socket.on ("close", function () {
console.log ("socket closed");
});
The error event is emitted by the socket when an error occurs sending or
receiving data.
The following arguments will be passed to the callback function:
error- An instance of theErrorclass, the exposedmessageattribute will contain a detailed error message.
The following example prints a message to the console when an error occurs, after which the socket is closed:
socket.on ("error", function (error) {
console.log (error.toString ());
socket.close ();
});
The message event is emitted by the socket when data has been received.
The following arguments will be passed to the callback function:
buffer- A Node.jsBufferobject containing the data received, the buffer will be sized to fit the data received, that is thelengthattribute of buffer will specify how many bytes were receivedaddress- For IPv4 raw sockets the dotted quad formatted source IP address of the message, e.g192.168.1.254, for IPv6 raw sockets the compressed formatted source IP address of the message, e.g.fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:3427
The following example prints received messages in hexadecimal to the console:
socket.on ("message", function (buffer, address) {
console.log ("received " + buffer.length + " bytes from " + address
+ ": " + buffer.toString ("hex"));
});
The generateChecksums() method is used to specify whether automatic checksum
generation should be performed by the socket.
The generate parameter is either true or false to enable or disable the
feature. The optional offset parameter specifies how many bytes to index
into the send buffer when writing the generated checksum to the send buffer.
The following example enables automatic checksum generation at offset 2 resulting in checksums being written to byte 3 and 4 of the send buffer (offsets start from 0, meaning byte 1):
socket.generateChecksums (true, 2);
The getOption() method gets a socket option using the operating systems
getsockopt() function.
The level parameter is one of the constants defined in the raw.SocketLevel
object. The option parameter is one of the constants defined in the
raw.SocketOption object. The buffer parameter is a Node.js
Buffer object where the socket option value will be written. The length
parameter specifies the size of the buffer parameter.
If an error occurs an exception will be thrown, the exception will be an
instance of the Error class.
The number of bytes written into the buffer parameter is returned, and can
differ from the amount of space available.
The following example retrieves the current value of IP_TTL socket option:
var level = raw.SocketLevel.IPPROTO_IP;
var option = raw.SocketOption.IP_TTL;
# IP_TTL is a signed integer on some platforms so a 4 byte buffer is used
var buffer = new Buffer (4);
var written = socket.getOption (level, option, buffer, buffer.length);
console.log (buffer.toString ("hex"), 0, written);
The send() method sends data to a remote host.
The buffer parameter is a Node.js Buffer object containing the
data to be sent. The length parameter specifies how many bytes from
buffer, beginning at offset offset, to send. For IPv4 raw sockets the
address parameter contains the dotted quad formatted IP address of the
remote host to send the data to, e.g 192.168.1.254, for IPv6 raw sockets the
address parameter contains the compressed formatted IP address of the remote
host to send the data to, e.g. fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:3427. If provided the
optional beforeCallback function is called right before the data is actually
sent using the underlying raw socket, giving users the opportunity to perform
pre-send actions such as setting a socket option, e.g. the IP header TTL. No
arguments are passed to the beforeCallback function. The afterCallback
function is called once the data has been sent. The following arguments will
be passed to the afterCallback function:
error- Instance of theErrorclass, ornullif no error occurredbytes- Number of bytes sent
The following example sends a ICMP ping message to a remote host, before the request is actually sent the IP header TTL is modified, and modified again after the data has been sent:
// ICMP echo (ping) request, checksum should be ok
var buffer = new Buffer ([
0x08, 0x00, 0x43, 0x52, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x09,
0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x70,
0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x61,
0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69]);
var socketLevel = raw.SocketLevel.IPPROTO_IP
var socketOption = raw.SocketOption.IP_TTL;
function beforeSend () {
socket.setOption (socketLevel, socketOption, 1);
}
function afterSend (error, bytes) {
if (error)
console.log (error.toString ());
else
console.log ("sent " + bytes + " bytes");
socket.setOption (socketLevel, socketOption, 1);
}
socket.send (buffer, 0, buffer.length, target, beforeSend, afterSend);
The setOption() method sets a socket option using the operating systems
setsockopt() function.
The level parameter is one of the constants defined in the raw.SocketLevel
object. The option parameter is one of the constants defined in the
raw.SocketOption object. The buffer parameter is a Node.js
Buffer object where the socket option value is specified. The length
parameter specifies how much space the option value occupies in the buffer
parameter.
If an error occurs an exception will be thrown, the exception will be an
instance of the Error class.
The following example sets the value of IP_TTL socket option to 1:
var level = raw.SocketLevel.IPPROTO_IP;
var option = raw.SocketOption.IP_TTL;
# IP_TTL is a signed integer on some platforms so a 4 byte buffer is used,
# x86 computers use little-endian format so specify bytes reverse order
var buffer = new Buffer ([0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
socket.setOption (level, option, buffer, buffer.length);
To avoid dealing with endianess the setOption() method supports a three
argument form which can be used for socket options requiring a 32bit unsigned
integer value (for example the IP_TTL socket option used in the previous
example). Its signature is as follows:
socket.setOption (level, option, value)
The previous example can be re-written to use this form:
var level = raw.SocketLevel.IPPROTO_IP;
var option = raw.SocketOption.IP_TTL;
socket.setOption (level, option, 1);
Example programs are included under the modules example directory.
- Initial release
- Move
SOCKET_ERRNOdefine fromraw.cctoraw.h - Error in exception thrown by
SocketWrap::Newinraw.ccstated that two arguments were required, this should be one - Corrections to the README.md
- Missing includes causes compilation error on some systems (maybe Node version dependant)
- Support automatic checksum generation
- The net-ping module is now implemented so update the note about it in the first section of the README.md
- Support IPv6
- Support the
IP_HDRINCLsocket option via thenoIpHeaderoption to thecreateSocket()function and thenoIpHeader()method exposed by theSocketclass
- IP addresses not being validated
- Default protocol option to
createSession()was incorrect in the README.md - The
session.on("message")example usedmessageinstead ofbufferin the README.md
raw.Socket.onSendReady()emit's an error whenraw.SocketWrap.send()throws an exception when it should call thereq.callbackcallback- Added the
pauseRecv(),resumeRecv(),pauseSend()andresumeSend()methods
- Cleanup documentation for the
pauseSend(),pauseRecv(),resumeSend()andresumeRecv()methods in the README.md
- Reformated lines in the README.md file inline with the rest of the file
- Removed the
noIpHeader()method (thesetOption()method should be used to configure theIP_HDRINCLsocket option - and possiblyIPV6_HDRINCLon Windows platforms), and removed theAutomatic IP Header Generationsection from the README.md file - Added the
setOption()andgetOption()methods, and added theSocketLevelandSocketOptionconstants - Tidied up the example program
ping-no-ip-header.js(now uses thesetOption()method to configure theIP_HDRINCLsocket option) - Tidied up the example program
ping6-no-ip-header.js(now uses thesetOption()method to configure theIPV6_HDRINCLsocket option) - Added the example program
get-option.js - Added the example program
ping-set-option-ip-ttl.js - Use MIT license instead of GPL
- Added the
beforeCallbackparameter to thesend()method, and renamed thecallbackparameter toafterCallback - Fixed a few typos in the README.md file
- Modified the example program
ping-set-option-ip-ttl.jsto use thebeforeCallbackparameter to thesend()method - The example program
ping6-no-ip-header.jswas not passing the correct arguments to thesetOption()method
- Added the
htonl(),htons(),ntohl(), andntohs()functions, and associated example programs - Added the
createChecksum()function, and associated example program
- Added the
writeChecksum()function - Removed the "Automated Checksum Generation" feature - this has been
replaced with the
createChecksum()andwriteChecksum()functions
- Up version number to 1.2.0 (we should have done this for 1.1.8 because it introduced some API breaking changes)
- Receiving
Assertion '!(handle->flags & (UV_CLOSING | UV_CLOSED))' failederror after a number of pings - the underlyinguv_poll_thandle was being closed twice
- Using uint16_t instead of uint32_t on line 87 in src/raw.cc for a value that is out of range
- raw::SocketWrap::pause() only uses the first argument
- Delete uv_poll_t watcher in uv_close() OnClose callback instead of in the wrapped C++ objects deconstructor
- Support Node.js 0.12.x using the Native Abstractions for Node interface
- Added export for the
SO_BINDTODEVICEsocket option for Linux platforms - On MAC OS X platforms re-attempt to create a socket using
SOCK_DGRAMinstead ofSOCK_RAWwhenIPPROTO_ICMPwas requested by the user, this provides non-privileged users access to the ICMP protocol on this platform
- Missing bracket for when compiling under the MAC OS X platform :(
- Add version dependency "<2.0.0" for the "nan" module to prevent build failures during installation because of breaking API changes
- Host repository on GitHub
- Support Native Abstractions for Node 2.x
- Add-on module crashes when emitting
closeevents during garbage collection of a wrapped object - Support Node.js 4.x
- Require nan 2.3.x to support node version 6
- Explicitly publish to npm using UNIX line endings
- Add note to README.md on how to reduce packet loss using the
SO_RCVBUFsocket option - Address warnings for
v8::Value::ToUint32 was declared deprecated
- Support Node.js 10
- Set NoSpaceships Ltd to be the owner and maintainer
- Remove redundant sections from README.md
- Include addon
.nodefile extension for node-webkit compatibility
- Prevent assertion failures when closing a socket and calling pauseRecv()
Copyright (c) 2018 NoSpaceships Ltd hello@nospaceships.com
Copyright (c) 2013 Stephen Vickers stephen.vickers.sv@gmail.com
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.